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| TECH Q & A (FAQ's) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
"Just the facts please ma'am!" Here's where you can get answers to frequently asked questions, some of which are taken from our discussion boards, Internet search phrases, and telephone inquiries from across North America. We're striving to ensure that this page will continue to represent one of the Internet's best and most responsive resources for answers relating to fire protection, fire equipment technology, emergency systems, and building life safety issues. We've categorized the questions in order to make searching for your answer easier. We welcome your suggestions, critiques and comments. We hope that some of the issues raised here will help spark further discussion. Please feel free to email us at the link below, telephone us, or share your thoughts in our general forum. Please ensure you read our TERMS OF USE.
Am I liable if dust in my apartment sets of the building's fire alarm? Is there a fine for pulling (manually initiating) a prank fire alarm? Who's behind the Fire Technicians Network? What's your contact information? Can you use the forms provided here in other Canadian Provinces? Does the Fire Protection Technicians Network offer any technical training? Can you use a cable jack for Shaw Digital Phone? What's the difference between a supervisory alarm and a trouble signal? Can you be grandfathered to work on fire alarms?
Is it legal to connect two fire alarm communicators on the same telephone line? Do systems covered under CAN/ULC-S561 need to be verified (to CAN/ULC-S537)? Does a fire alarm communicator have to be serviced with a dedicated telephone line? How do you make a UDACT work with VOIP (or digital telephone) service? Can you program a fire alarm UDACT to communicate with a personal cellular telephone?
Why must proper polarity be observed when installing signal devices for a fire alarm system? What is the maximum wire length you can run to and from a smoke detector in the same conduit? Can green wire be used to connect fire alarm circuits? In Canada, is a ground wire required on a fire alarm system in which rigid EMT (conduit) is used? Can I use UL Listed wire on a Canadian fire alarm installation? Does an isolation module go before or after the next floor? How many flow switches can be put on one fire alarm panel zone? Does every device connected to a fire alarm system in Canada have to be ULC Listed? Can a fire alarm system annunciator be installed outside on an exterior wall (in Canada)? What testing should be done before field wiring connections are terminated in a fire alarm panel? How many devices can be "T" tapped on a fire alarm system? What's the maximum allowable mounting height for a fire alarm control panel? Are you allowed to run fire alarm input and output circuits in same conduit (or wire raceway)? How do you properly connect two fire alarm panels together? Can end-of-line resistors (for multiple circuits in a room or area) be mounted in one box? How do you tie in (interconnect) door holders on a fire alarm system? How many sprinkler tampers can you legally hook up to a single fire alarm supervisory zone? Can you review the relevant codes regarding the installation of insuite signaling appliances? Can security wires be run with fire alarm wires in Canada? Does the fire alarm circuit disconnecting means have to be painted "red" and locked "on"? How many initiating devices can you have on a fire alarm system? Are there any fire alarm relays listed for tripping from a notification circuit? What's the Code say about monitoring sprinkler valves? Where should a fire alarm control panel be installed? How do you add an isolator module to an existing fire alarm panel? Is it permissible to have different audible signal devices in the same building? What is the maximum mounting height for a fire alarm pull station in Vancouver? Can fire alarm wiring be painted? Do you require a class "A" circuit for a fire alarm emergency communications riser? What is the allowable distance between power and nonpower (limited) cables?
What part of a network configuration limits the number of valid addresses?
What fire alarm verification tests are required? How many fire alarm speakers need to be verified when expanding a circuit? When is a Verification required? When did CAN/ULC-S537-04 actually come into effect? What standard do I use in verifying a fire alarm system that was installed thirty years ago? How can a local authority properly vet (authenticate) a fire alarm system verification report? Who has final authority to accept a fire alarm system installation? How many times is a fire alarm system verified? What is a Fire Alarm Verification Certificate? What should a Fire Alarm Verification Test Report include? If I change out a fire alarm device, do I need a verification?
Can a supervisory sprinkler device be on the same zone or initiating circuit as a flow switch? How do you test for ground fault indication when doing an annual fire alarm inspection? Will starting my pressurization fans set off my fire alarm? Who can legally perform an annual fire alarm test (to CAN/ULC-S536-04)? What conditions must be met when performing testing on a fire alarm system that is monitored? What does the term status change confirmation mean when testing smoke detectors? When did CAN/ULC-S536-04 actually come into effect? What procedure should I follow if the FAS I’m testing doesn’t comply with the installation standard? What's the difference between a supervisory alarm and a trouble signal? How often must a fire alarm system be tested in BC (British Columbia)?
What is the correct use of a RED TAG? How long is a RED TAG good for? Can a City (or municipal authority) RED TAG fire alarm wiring?
What causes a common trouble fault on an Edwards EST-3 panel? Do I have to be CFAA certified to work on a fire alarm system? How do I connect a disconnected fire alarm speaker in my apartment? What does it mean when a fire alarm system is operating in "degraded mode"?
Can a supervisory sprinkler device be on the same zone or initiating circuit as a flow switch? Can I monitor my fire sprinkler system through a non-ULC (Listed) alarm system? What does the Manitoba Fire Code have to say about the monitoring of sprinkler systems? Do we need to install heat tracing on fire sprinkler valves? What temperature rating should a sprinkler head have that’s going to be installed in a dry sauna? What's the Code say about monitoring sprinkler valves? What are the rules for monitoring sprinkler heat tracing on a fire alarm system?
What are the ULC standards for the time delay on a flow switch? What kind of signals should a fire pump provide to a building fire alarm system? Can you explain how a fire pump controller should be connected to a fire alarm system? Can any fire alarm technician test a fire pump? What are the rules for monitoring sprinkler heat tracing on a fire alarm system?
How often should our fire pump be run?
Can a "UL" LIsted extinguisher be serviced in Canada? What's the maximum mounting height for a fire extinguisher? Who can perform a hydro-static test on a fire extinguisher? Would you recommend one of those "mini" fire extinguishers for a home? How do you tell when a fire extinguisher is bad? How often must fire extinguishers be inspected (in Canada)?
What is the correct procedure to use when testing a 347 volt battery pack (emergency light unit)? Who can certify/test emergency light packs in Vancouver?
Can I be fired if I insist on testing a system in accordance with the Standard?
How do I know the alarm system I'm buying is the best choice for protecting my family?
1. When connecting the heater of an outdoor fire alarm annunciator, is it acceptable to tie into the fire alarm system’s power supply (circuit disconnecting means)? Most definitely NOT! CAN/ULC-S524 stipulates that the fire alarm system must be serviced by a dedicated circuit. Many technicians (including those that are factory trained on the subject equipment) feel that a tie-in to the fire alarm AC circuit is an acceptable means of ensuring the power to the annunciator heater is not inadvertently compromised. This is not the case! I have seen a number of transformer failures where the secondary windings have “opened” without affecting the primary side and thereby tripping the breaker (some transformers may even employ a fused secondary). The proper way to monitor power to the annunciator heater is through an appropriately rated low voltage relay connected to the secondary output. The fire alarm system can supervise a normally closed contact on the relay (which would trigger “open” – or show as “normal” when energized) through a latching supervisory input on the common control. You could parallel this connection to the same circuit monitoring the building’s “heat trace” if you’ve run out of available zones (just make sure you make the appropriate change to the zone descriptor). Special NOTE: If you come across a fire alarm control that has a transformer (other than the systems primary power supply transformer) installed and which would invariably be paralleled to the system's main AC bus, you must RED TAG the panel. An "after market" installation of this type violates the ULC listing on the panel. Inspector's Tip: If the power to the annunciator heater goes down when you trip the breaker for the fire alarm system, the installation is in violation of ULC/CAN-S524. 2. What procedure should I follow if the FAS I’m testing doesn’t comply with the installation standard? That depends on what standard you’re testing to. If it’s CAN/ULC-S536 (Annual Test) you should make note of any deficient items (as you would normally). Remember, you are testing the devices that are connected to the system, and you are doing so to a different standard from that of the technician that performed the Verification Inspection. Should you “tag off” on the system? By all means do so, but make sure you check (or punch) the part of the tag that states “see log and report”. If you feel the deficiency is substantial enough (the batteries are incorrectly sized for instance), then you should also ensure you check (or punch) the column that states “additional work required”. The example given of the incorrectly sized batteries definitely warrants a RED TAG. You should also provide a copy of your report to the local electrical inspection authority or the Fire Department's Fire Prevention Office. 3. What procedure should I follow if the FAS I’m testing was “passed” last year by another technician, but has deficiencies that weren’t noted? Many jurisdictions have established guidelines and procedures to follow in this instance (if you’re testing in a municipality that subscribes to ASTTBC, you can review their Practice Guidelines). The situation can get complicated if you’re working for the same company as the technician who tagged off on the same deficient system you're testing in the previous year. What you should do in this instance is contact your service manager. Under no circumstances should you tag off on a deficient system without ensuring you either check the “see log and report” or “additional work required” columns (as the situation merits). 4. What procedure should I follow if I discover that the smoke detectors supplied by my company in previous years are not ULC cross-listed to the control panel? See the previous answer. In this instance, you MUST RED TAG the system (alternatively you can replace the affected units with ones that are compatible). You can check if the smoke detectors on the system you're testing are compatible here. 5. What is the correct use of a RED TAG? This happens to be the subject of an ongoing discussion in our General Forum. The answer isn't as simple as the requirement stipulated in ASTTBC's Practice Guideline and the reason is that there are two inspection standards in Canada which ASTTBC has now been mandated with, the annual inspection standard (which is CAN/ULC-S536), and the verification standard (which is CAN/ULC-S537). Under the former, a RED TAG should be applied to any system that does not provide an adequate level of protection to the occupants and where the building owner has demonstrated reluctance (or has outright refused) to perform the necessary repairs the local fire department MUST be informed. The exact wording in the Practice Guideline published by ASTTBC is: "For major deficiencies red tags shall be used by the FPT to indicate that the fire protection system or piece of equipment was serviced but does not provide the level of protection for which it was originally designed and installed or the system or piece of equipment has deficiencies that may cause it, during activation, not to operate in the manner to which it was intended. A red tag shall be used to advise and alert the Owner and AHJ that, although the system has been serviced, there are deficiencies that remain on the system or piece of equipment. The tag shall be defaced using a large (preferably red) ‘X’ across the front and on the back. The FPT shall initiate notification to the Owner immediately of any deficiencies regarding the fire protection system(s) or piece of equipment. When major deficiencies exist on the fire protection system(s) or piece of equipment or a combination of major deficiencies are identified by the FPT, and • The Owner, after being advised by the FPT does not take appropriate action, and • When in the FPT’s opinion the public is placed in imminent danger, the FPT shall initiate notification to the Local Assistant to the Fire Commissioner by telephone or in person and document that notification in writing." Examples of the type of deficiency that would merit immediate attention (or a RED TAG if the building owner refused the repair) would include a non-functional bell circuit, incorrectly terminated AC power, inadequately sized stand-by batteries, non-functional initiating devices (i.e. smoke detectors, manual stations, heat detectors, flow switches, etc.), a defective battery charger, use of non-cross listed smoke detectors, improperly labeled annunciator. Under the verification standard however, a RED TAG isn't used on new installations because deficiencies must be corrected (usually by the installing electrical contractor) before a clear Appendix "C" (in some jurisdictions it's still referred to as an "A") can be issued. A RED TAG could be used on an existing system that exhibits violations such as are noted in questions 1, 4, and above where you are verifying an upgrade or addition. My "test" for use has always defaulted to the LIFE SAFETY aspect and when put in this context, I believe a RED TAG is the "safer choice". 6. What standard do you use when verifying a fire alarm system that was installed thirty years ago? Most of the manual stations are installed well above 1400mm and there are heat detectors mounted on the wall. In Canada, there is only one installation "Standard". It's called CAN/ULC-S524. The Verification Standard (CAN/ULC-S537) is the testing standard. It references the former. You MUST test to both these standards and ensure that you note any "deficiencies" or deviations from them. It is not within your job description to "amend" or "interpret" what you see in the field to "fit" the situation. You must not ignore deviations from the standards. Your job is to VERIFY TO THE STANDARDS indicated above (and any appropriate sections of the building and electrical codes). In many older structures, the back boxes were not individually bonded to ground (only two wires - often two conductor 18AWG LVT - was run). Some buildings still utilize a three-wire unsupervised 12 (or 24) volt relay box as a fire alarm control. This unit almost invariably "self resets" when the alarm initiating device is restored to "normal". One manufacturer's senior service rep once advised me that they "verify" to the engineer's drawings. CAN/ULC-S537 does not reference engineer's drawings. Keep in mind that the Verification is the single most important test a fire alarm SYSTEM will have to undergo in its lifetime. It ensures that the SYSTEM has been installed correctly and identifies those deviations from code in older systems that will help the local authority make recommendations (or draft orders) for improvement. TIP: As an approved Verification agency (or an individual recognized by the local authority), you (and you alone) have the final say (and must shoulder the responsibility for) the correct installation of a fire alarm system. If you know you are going to be involved in performing a verification on a particular project, you should contact the contractor installing the system and make yourself available to review the drawings, guide them through the wiring & termination, and answer any questions they might have. In this way, you can also involve the electrical engineer and architect in the consultative process to finalize detector placement and make recommendations with respect to any additional protection that might be required by either the local codes or the Installation Standard. NOTE: We feature several botched verifications on the Burning Bricks page. 7. What do you do when you discover a non-compliant system that was installed only recently and verified by the manufacturer (or an individual that was approved by the local authority)? You must notify the local electrical authority and the Fire Department's Fire Prevention Office. Here are examples of some of the installation deviations we've come across recently (keep in mind that in each instance a Verification was conducted by an individual "approved" by the local authority):
8. Should a Verification or an Annual Inspection be carried out on a system that you know to be non-compliant (or that you know will "fail" even before you start)? Where should you "draw the line" (call it a day) and re-schedule? Someone once said "there are no dumb questions, just obvious answers". There are several things that should preclude a reasonable person (or in this case a trained professional) from even starting a Verification or an Annual Test. Obviously if there isn't any power to the panel (or it was displaying a "ground fault") you wouldn't (shouldn't) commence testing until the problem has been rectified. If the panel won't "reset" properly, or is completely unresponsive, testing should be curtailed. You should also not test devices that have been identified as non-compliant such as smoke detectors that aren't cross-listed to the control, or manual stations that do not have (or have never met) ULC Listing requirements. Examples of the latter would include pull stations that only bear a "CSA" mark or that use the round breakable disks which are often replaced with metal washers (Yes, I've actually seen this done!) by building owners because the disks are no longer available or are difficult to source. Performing a Verification on a panel with an active trouble such as an "open" zone or signal circuit is certainly do-able, as long as the Verification doesn't extend to the affected circuit. Should you pass such a system? No! In the example given in question 7 the "approved individual" showed up on the site ready to commence a Verification on three new Notifier fire alarm systems. The common controls all displayed a "ground fault" trouble, yet a decision to proceed with the inspection was made regardless. He also failed to perform the requisite battery tests, didn't identify missing dead-front panels on the power supplies and a number of other errors that actually compromised the LIFE SAFETY of the building's occupants. To add insult to injury, the Strata was billed for a Verification and the company performing the annual servicing succeeded in burying the report for four (4) years before they lost the contract. It was when a new service agency was appointed to perform the annual testing that all of these deficiencies were finally addressed. 9. How can a local authority properly vet (authenticate) a verification report? There are several ways this can be accomplished:
10. What's the correct procedure to use when testing a 347 volt battery pack (emergency light unit)? NOTE: This question is featured on ASTTBC's latest "SUPPRESS" newsletter (issue #11). ASTTBC has our full permission for it's use. This question stems from a discussion I had with another technician recently. WorkSafe BC (and similar organizations in a number of other jurisdictions) stipulate that you may NOT work on live circuitry above 250VAC without their express written consent. In BC, OHS (Occupational Health & Safety) Regulation Section 19.10 (3) states: "Work must not be done on energized parts of electrical equipment associated with lighting circuits operating at more than 250 volts-to-ground without the prior written permission of the Board." What does this mean? Simple. You cannot work on a 347 volt pack while under power. You must use the circuit disconnecting means (turn OFF the circuit breaker) to initiate the standard thirty minute test. You should not attempt to disconnect one of the live leads as I've seen many techs do. This means you must identify those packs that are part of a 347 Volt circuit, and coordinate with building management to shut down power to those areas which are serviced by the equipment while testing or repair is underway. You may wish to review a bulletin issued by the Electrical Safety Authority in Ontario in December, 2009 located HERE. What are the consequences of your not following this direction? Your employer may be held liable for any injuries you might suffer in which case WorkSafe BC may levy a very hefty fine. In addition, your claim for any injuries sustained could be adversely affected. The two important things to remember here is: STAY SAFE! WORK SAFE! 11. How do you tie in (interconnect) door holders on a fire alarm system? Most modern fire alarm common controls manufactured today utilize common "on board" relay contacts that are rated at 24 volts DC. They are designed to interface with a fire alarm communicator for off-site monitoring of trouble, alarm, and supervisory conditions. In many instances, you must provide additional relay contacts to handle things like fan shutdown, fire dampers, etc. 110VAC door holders - Must utilize a 24VDC relay contactor that is triggered by a relay on the fire alarm's common control. Under no circumstances should you run the 110VAC for the door holder into the common control cabinet (although there are a number of older systems out there in which this was perfectly acceptable, electrical codes have changed). You must install the relay contactor into a separate box and ensure you maintain a physical separation between the high voltage and low voltage terminals. IMPORTANT! The door holders must utilize a 110VAC source that is separate from the fire alarm system. 24VAC door holders - Must utilize a 24VDC relay contactor that is triggered through the fire alarm's common alarm relay as well. You can install a relay block into the common control cabinet, but the door holders must be powered by a 24VAC source that is independent of the fire alarm system. Ensure that the cable entry for the 24VAC into the fire alarm common control enclosure complies with the manufacturer's instructions for non-power limited wires. Signal Circuit Relays - For retro-fit installations (where it may not be possible to run wires all the way back to the common control), Edwards (GE Security) manufactures the only UL/ULC listed signal (NAC) circuit relay module for use on any conventional supervised signal (NAC) circuit. The unit is listed as a "6554 Series Fire Alarm Relay". The relay contacts are rated at 120VAC or 30 VDC, 5 amps inductive, 3 amps resistive. The unit mounts inside a standard two gang (4x4) deep box and comes complete with a appropriately labeled stainless steel cover. You must exercise caution when employing this relay to trip anything other than a door holder. Most new signal appliances don't ring continuously, but are set to pulse temporarily, and some are programmed to silence manually. When either of these circumstances occur, the relay will "follow" the operation of the NAC circuit (in which case things like fan shutdown, elevator recall, fire dampers may not function in the manner required by code). There is a "work-around" for this however. You can employ a latching relay contactor on the circuit. This will require the operator to manually reset the device once the fire alarm system has been restored. NOTE: If you're going to be employing a remotely mounted latching contactor, please ensure that appropriate instructions for resetting the circuit are posted on the fire alarm control (and/or remote annunciator) and that those instructions also include the location of the modules used to perform the required function. 12. How many sprinkler tamper switches can you terminate to a single initiating zone on a fire alarm panel? The magic number is set by your local AHJ, applicable building codes, and standards but averages around eight. Most AHJ's would like to see separate annunciation for each switch or valve within a common sprinkler room and this is often possible with an addressable system panel's liquid crystal display (LCD). At the very least, they will insist on having a separate zone for the back-flow preventer which often utilizes two switches (one on the inlet side and one on the outlet side) or the main water entry valve. You must use common sense when laying out your sprinkler zones and the same applies to the control valves inside a common sprinkler room. Identifying a misaligned valve (or defective switch) can become more time consuming when they're commoned to a single zone. 13. What procedure should I follow if I am dissatisfied with the service or testing of a fire alarm system or fire protection equipment? This is a very complex question because a number of local, Provincial (or State), and professional agencies may be involved in approving or designating an individual (or company) to perform testing and service of life safety equipment. Filing a complaint with the servicing agency is the logical "first step". Typically, deviations in testing procedures are not discovered until an inspection by the local fire prevention office or a verification/audit "uncovers" them, but it must be made clear that you cannot place 100% reliance on either of these methods. If you have concerns regarding a test or service performed by a fire protection company, contacting the professional association under which the technician (or service agency) may be certified is also an option. In British Columbia's Lower Mainland (Vancouver and surrounding environs) this is ASTTBC. Technician discipline is handled through the Practice Review Board. The PRB has the authority to either handle the matter directly, or (if the technician under review requests it) refer it to a formal hearing panel. Members of the panel are comprised of ASTTBC members who have experience in the field. If found "guilty", the sanctions which can be imposed include a monetary fine, the requirement to attend evening courses in the subject (or write the formal challenge examination), and revocation of the technician's stamp. In several jurisdictions in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and the Province of Ontario, it's CFAA. CFAA's main role is that of education. There is no provision in their charter (nor have they been given the mandate) to oversee technician compliance. The local Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) will, in most instances, require the technician to demonstrate the educational requirement (by presenting a valid CFAA membership card) and proficiency on the equipment through either a manufacturer's training certificate or direct affiliation (as an employee) of the manufacturer. In the US, most technicians are required to be certified through NICET. NOTE: The official complaint process required by these agencies may involve submission of documentary evidence such as previous test reports, tags, and digital photographs, as well as a formal written letter detailing your concerns. The specific requirements for a formal complaint can be found in our LIBRARY. 14. Can you review the relevant codes regarding installation of insuite signaling appliances? The British Columbia Building Code (BCBC) reflects a good deal of the Canadian Building Code with a few "twists" here and there (usually for the better). In Vancouver you also have to deal with the Vancouver Building By-Law (VBBL). Then there's CAN/ULC-S524 (The Installation Standard for Fire Alarm Systems). Let's examine some of these codes. Section 3.3.1.5 of CAN/ULC-S524 states that "opens" or "ground faults" on one circuit shall not interfere with the operation of other circuits in the same system. Clearly, the intent of the authors of this section was to preserve the functionality of the system as a whole even if one device (or circuit) was compromised by either of the forgoing fault conditions. This becomes more complicated when it involves signaling appliances located in a suite. The BCBC has relaxed the requirement to employ isolator modules on signal circuits serving residential suites as long as a Class "A" loop is employed and the circuit servicing the suites is separate from the one serving the common hallways. An "open" anywhere in the loop will still allow the other signaling appliances on the same circuit to sound. On the surface this is considered "better practice" as an individual would have to compromise all of the buzzers/speakers in his suite to effectively silence any alarm or announcement tone. If, for instance, he just removed one, any others in the same suite served by the Class "A" circuit would still be fully functional. BCBC (2006) Section 3.2.4.18(10): "Audible signal devices within a dwelling unit or a suite of a residential occupancy shall be connected to the fire alarm system
BCBC (2006) Section 3.2.4.18(11): "In a building or part thereof classified as a residential occupancy,
Unfortunately a "short" condition on the circuit will compromise the entire circuit unless isolators are employed. While BCBC and the Installation Standard doesn't take this scenario into consideration, the VBBL does. Section 3.2.4.18(10) states: "An audible signal device located within a dwelling unit or suite of a residential occupancy shall be connected to the fire alarm system
Vancouver is one of the only Lower Mainland communities to address this very important issue. I believe it is "good practice" to ensure a Life Safety System remains as secure from compromise as we can make it. Clearly, suite isolators should be utilized to ensure the proper functioning of the fire alarm system. You may wish to read a bulletin issued by the City of Vancouver which clarifies their position on the subject here. 15. I work for a national company as an HVAC technician in Vancouver, B.C. We do work for a cellular communications provider that has numerous cell sites on the tops of apartment buildings across the city. Along with the HVAC work, we are also to test the fire alarm systems in these shelters which are monitored by a central control centre in Ontario. I have three questions for you: 1) What kind of personal liability would I take on by performing this work without proper certification? 2) What kind of personal liability would I take on by performing this work with proper certification? 3) What courses are required to do this kind of inspection work in Vancouver? NOTE: This question was originally posted to the CFAA website but wasn't answered correctly. We've decided to publish the correct answer here. CFAA's Webmaster was informed of the error on June 27th, 2009. The question was REMOVED from their website on September 2, 2010. You may be interested in reading my open letter to CFAA HERE which also happens to feature the answer that had been posted to their site for almost eight years! To perform annual inspection work (to CAN/ULC-S536-04) on any fire alarm system in Vancouver, you're required to be ASTTBC certified in the FA (Fire Alarm) discipline and utilize the approved forms (more comprehensive, alternate forms can be downloaded from our site - located here). The Vancouver By-Law mandating ASTTBC certification has been in effect since 1996. ASTTBC's Practice Guideline should be reviewed as it clearly defines the issue of "liability" as it relates to your job. In order to obtain ASTTBC certification you are required to meet their registration criteria (also outlined in the above referenced Practice Guideline). The City of Vancouver requires any facility that receives/processes signals from listed fire alarm equipment to be ULC Listed for the purpose AND to be on their list of approved monitoring stations. To perform a Verification Inspection in the City of Vancouver you are required to be an Approved Agency (or individual) and you must follow the procedures established in Bulletin 2000-021-EL. This question brings up another issue, however. In numerous installations of this type the "fire alarm system" amounts to nothing more than a communicator and connected smoke (or heat) detection devices, is usually installed without proper permits, and as a consequence has not been verified to CAN/ULC-S537-04. In many such installations there is NO PHYSICAL CONNECTION to the building's fire alarm system. This is a major concern as most alarms generated by these cell sites are transmitted to proprietary monitoring centres (as indicated in the original question) that are often NOT ULC Listed either. The typical "response" involves the dispatch of a service technician to "confirm" the alarm with NO NOTIFICATION to the building's occupants until this occurs. Should you pass such a system? NO!! (I would go so far as to suggest you read the FAQ involving RED TAGS!) Should an interconnection to the building's fire alarm system be provided? Most definitely (and in every instance), YES! 16. Who's behind the Fire Technicians Network?
My name is Frank Kurz. This is my 29th year in the fire prevention & alarm industries. I've done it all. Kitchen system installation & inspections (when I started in the business they still had dry chem systems - blechh-h), fire extinguisher recharges, hydro-testing, computer room Halon system installation & inspections, fire alarm service, inspection & verification, security system installations, inspections & service. I hold one of the lower "P" numbers in the Province of Alberta (0239). For the last fifteen years, I've been running a fire alarm service/verification company in Surrey, British Columbia. I sub out my services to electrical contractors and fire prevention companies where my expertise in CCTV, access control, apartment intercom gives them an advantage over single service companies. I've been on Vancouver's list of approved verification agencies since 2001. I've mentored a number of outstanding technicians in my day, and I'm grateful to all those individuals that have shared their knowledge with me as well. I'm always looking for ways to improve on what I do. I figure if I can help my fellow technicians at the same time, then it's a "win, win" situation. I've recently accepted an appointment to the ULC Standing Committees for CAN/ULC-S536 (Inspection Standard) and CAN/ULC-S537 (Verification Standard). I also Chair the "Working Group" for both Standards. New versions of both are slated for release in the fall of 2012 (I understand they'll officially be known as CAN/ULC-S536-12 and CAN/ULC-S537-12 respectively). January 2012 marks my debut into the Working Group for CAN/ULC-S524 (Fire Alarm Installation Standard). I'm excited and honoured to serve on these important committees. This website is an ongoing project of mine. There are no fire alarm manufacturers or other outside agencies involved here (either as sponsors or advertisers). My goal here is to provide a one-stop unbiased resource for technicians engaged in the service, testing, and maintenance of fire protection and life safety equipment. The information presented here may also be useful for those in the fire prevention community and local jurisdictional authorities. The Internet is a powerful tool and I intend to take full advantage of all it has to offer. One such tool is our new RSS Feed which will help you keep abreast of the latest news and developments. The technology to host webinars (online learning seminars) is also something I'm exploring. Some of my fellow technicians (here in the Lower Mainland particularly) have formed a somewhat "less than complimentary" (and that's putting it mildly) opinion of my efforts. I'm investing a great deal of my own time and financial resources into this project. I'm not here to "throw anyone under the bus" (as one individual suggested in the General Forum). I do want to raise awareness of how important the job of "fire protection technician" is and to ensure we're all playing on a "level field" when it comes to skill set and knowledge. This also means "raising the bar" for inspections, testing, service, and installations. Some "players" in the industry will have to refocus their efforts "for the better" and if they succeed in doing so, then we will all win in the end. Those that continue to provide substandard, slip-shod, or irresponsible service don't belong in this profession and good riddance to them (let's hope the door doesn't hit them on the ass on the way out). Feel free to call me ANYTIME if you have questions or concerns, need manuals, or just want to talk. 17. Can you use the forms you can download from this site in other Canadian Provinces? All our forms are based on current Canadian Standards. They are CAN/ULC-S536-04 (Inspection Standard for Fire Alarm Systems), and CAN/ULC-S537-04 (Verification Standard for Fire Alarm Systems). These standards clearly define the minimum acceptable testing criteria and provide the means to document those tests. What I've done is simply format the reports a little differently and add some key sections based on my experience and the frequent questions I get asked from various jurisdictional authorities. I DO NOT believe that anyone engaged in this profession should have to pay for forms although I understand that it's important to STANDARDIZE on a format to make it easy for a building owner (or fire prevention officer) to determine the exact level of protection that's available which will assist them in developing strategies to help improve a project's life safety systems. We are working with various levels of Government to promote our testing format. Don't be surprised when you're referred to this site to get your forms! 18. Can security wires be run with fire alarm wires in Canada? We interpret this question to mean: Can you run fire alarm wire and security alarm wire in the same wire raceway? It’s not common practice for security alarm installers to “mess with” other wiring that’s already in place in a building. That’s not to say that I haven’t seen lots of security wire tie-wrapped to existing conduit runs (or even run alongside the TV cable guy’s wire). Current Electrical Code doesn't allow you to mix the two in the same raceway, however. Keep in mind that many fire alarm systems sold today have the ability to provide zones and circuits programmed for building security components and the new mass notification technology will more than likely result in some significant changes to the Codes on both sides of the border. Always follow good wiring practice when installing/running cable! 19. What kind of signals should a fire pump provide to a building's fire alarm system? Many modern high rise buildings employ fire pumps to augment normal municipal water pressures so that the sprinkler system is able to provide the rated design flow at each sprinkler head. Most modern codes dictate that two conditions regarding the status of the fire pump be monitored by the fire alarm system. They are "trouble" and "activation" (or "run"). The first condition should monitor several aspects: "Overspeed", "power failure" (or bypass/off) amongst them. The second is pretty well self-explanatory. Most "trouble" conditions on a fire alarm system "clear" when the device (or circuit) is restored to normal. When it comes to a fire pump or generator trouble however, this , as well as "activation" (or "run") should be monitored by a latching supervisory circuit as it prompts the user to physically attend the mechanical room to ensure an all clear condition exists (that there isn't an excessive amount of water pooling under or near the pump for instance) and that all the attendant valves and fixtures are in a "normal" condition. More details can be found in a related question HERE. 20. Who has final authority to accept a fire alarm system installation? The answer to this question can be abbreviated into three simple initials: A H J (short for the "Authority Having Jurisdiction"). In Canada, on new installations, that is the Building Inspector, the Electrical Inspection Authority (or a combination of both). On renovation/upgrades, it's the municipal Fire Chief (usually in cooperation with the Electrical Inspector). All of these agencies however, rely on one individual's report and written comments before an occupancy permit can be issued. On new installations, not even the Design Engineer will sign off without this all important report. The onerous task of determining whether-or-not a fire alarm system (or a component added to it) meets all the installation and performance criteria is the trained professional technician performing the verification. This individual is the acknowledged expert upon which everything hinges. He is the one charged with ensuring that all aspects of the installation meet the code requirements, applicable standards, and the manufacturer's testing criteria. The verification technician's job is pretty cut and dried. There is no "gray area" in any of the codes or standards that reference a fire alarm system installation. As a verifying authority, it is extremely important for the technician to understand that. No AHJ will dispute your decision to reject an installation that doesn't conform to the standard regardless of whether an Engineer has "designed" it that way, or a municipal "plan checker" has accepted it. Hopefully you will have had an opportunity to discuss what you perceive are issues that may hinder your acceptance of the system well before the final nail is driven and the painting completed. It is for this reason I have always advocated a verification agency gets involved at the start of a job (even as early as the plan acceptance process). Nobody likes "surprises" at the end of a job. Not only are they costly in terms of "correction", the delays they represent could wind up costing the contractor penalties and other associated costs. Additional information can be found here and here! 21. What's the code requirement for battery backup in a fire alarm system that's tied into a a building's emergency generator? Canadian relevant codes/standards are CSA C282, CAN/ULC-S524-06. The answer to this question isn't as straight forward as it would seem. CAN/ULC-S524 accepts a "listed" emergency power generator as long as it can provide the requisite twenty-four (24) hour stand-by (or supervisory) current and then power they system in "full alarm" for the time required as it applies to the building's height and occupancy class. This means that it would be perfectly acceptable to provide only enough stand-by battery capacity to power the system during the "start-up" and "full power transfer" phases of the generator. That's the legal code requirement IF certain other criteria are met. These include the fact that the generator must be monitored for "trouble" and "operation" by the fire alarm system and that the equipment must be listed/certified by an acceptable agency and be installed, maintained and tested in accordance with the code requirements and the manufacturers instructions. The forgoing represents the "correct" answer to the question but let's not "stop" there.. Can you depend entirely on this method? There are a number of other considerations that must must be factored into this answer which often creates the "confusion" people encounter when they get different "interpretations" from individuals that represent the various agencies and stakeholders involved. Some will go strictly with the code/standard requirements while those of us in the LIFE SAFETY profession tend to go with something called "best practice". You'll often see these two words used when a particular code or standard lends itself to more than one interpretation, and you'll also see them used when a question has more than one "right answer". "Best practice" simply means utilizing the best, safest, and most effective method (or solution). Let's look at some basic facts. An engine driven generator comprises a myriad of moving parts that are all required to work in concert to achieve the end result. A failure of any one part could mean that either the generator won't start, or it will fail to deliver the rated power to the transfer switch. The transfer switch is another mechanical device in the line to the emergency power distribution centre. The generator depends on a source of fuel which could comprise a large storage tank for diesel fuel or a direct connection to a local gas main (if the engine has been set up to use natural gas). The quality of the maintenance, age of the equipment, serviceability of the charging system, starter batteries, quality and quantity of available fuel... The list goes on. A breakdown anywhere in this "chain" will result in the failure of the emergency power system to deliver the the required stand-by capacity stipulated by the standard. The "clincher" in all of this is that most emergency power systems (unless they are in a health care environment) only provide sufficient capacity to meet the Building Code requirement of "at least two hours" - Section 3.2.7.9 of BCBC 2006 - "Emergency Power for Building Services" (other Provincial Codes should have similar wording). The stand-by and alarm current requirements for the fire alarm system is seldom factored into the equation. "Best practice" would favour a simpler solution and eliminate the "assumptions" you are often forced to make surrounding the proper care, maintenance, and operational readiness of the generator (a "trouble free" annunciator should never be the basis for assuming the generator will work). The stand-by battery - properly sized - affords the most cost effective, simplest, and SAFEST method of ensuring the fire alarm system meets the requirements of the standard. 22. Does the fire alarm circuit breaker have to be painted red and "locked"? In many cases this is a jurisdictional requirement. There is nothing in either the Provincial building code or CAN/ULC-S524 (Installation Standard for Fire Alarm Systems) that actually stipulates it must be painted "red". You have to look in the Canadian Electrical Code to find it (specifically Rule 32-108). The fire alarm system's circuit disconnecting means must be easy to identify. There are several reasons for this, the most important being that we don't want it inadvertently turned "off". The Ontario Fire Code (2007) Section 6.3.1.6 is headed "Disconnect Switches" and states: "Disconnect switches for power supplies which serve only fire alarm systems or interconnected smoke alarms shall be in a locked secure area or otherwise secured in an approved manner." 23. An Electrical Engineer is insisting on locating conduit entries for the common control data, communication, and addressable field devices into an area of the cabinet that the manufacturer's installation instructions stipulate is reserved for non-power limited wire (AC and municipal tie). Can you review the requirements of CAN/ULC-S524 (and relevant codes) and advise? Sure. There are a couple of standards this Engineer should reference: CAN/ULC-S527 and CAN/ULC-S524-06. The latter's section 3.4.10 states: "Field wiring entry points for the various circuits and required circuit separations, shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions and CSA C22.1, Canadian Electrical Code, Part 1, Safety Standard for Electrical Installations, Section 12, Wiring Methods." The manufacturer's installation instructions are presented in the documentation accompanying the fire alarm panel and usually references diagrams indicating specific wiring entry points and termination procedures. The concern here is that power limited wire will enter an area of the common control which has been designated for non-power limited wire. It is doubtful that a panel terminated in this fashion will pass the verification. NOTE: It's been pointed out to me that Canadian Codes do not recognize "Power Limited Circuits". While this is true, I believe that it's considered BEST PRACTICE to follow the recommendations of the manufacturer (or the specific instructions presented in the relevant wiring and installation instructions) when determining your wire entry points and common control wire routing. What you should do: Suggest to the Engineer that wire entry points into listed control equipment must be in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions. I would suggest that you do this IN WRITING and back it up by attaching the relevant sections of the code/standard and any other supporting documentation (i.e. copy and include the pages from the installation manual that indicate the proper cable entry locations). This way, when the "doo-doo" does hit the fan, nothing should wind up "sticking" to YOU! 24. How many initiating devices can you have on a fire alarm system? For the answer to this question, we'll have to deal with a number of different factors. Wire size, type of devices (i.e. whether they derive power from the circuit as is the case with two wire type smoke detectors), distance to the end of line resistor, whether or not the cable you're using is shielded, etc. As you can see, the answer isn't as cut and dried as you might have thought. The manufacturer usually imposes limits on the number of two-wire smoke detectors you can wire to an initiating circuit. In my experience that usually averages between 20 and 30. Contact type devices such as manual pull stations, heat detectors, flow switches, sprinkler valve tampers, etc. don't draw power from the panel so (in Canada) you're only limited by CAN/ULC-S524 Section 3.4.3: "The voltage drop and power dissipation on any circuit shall not prevent the proper operation of that circuit and shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions." Keep in mind that "best practice" may suggest you consider adding additional initiating zones along with those extra detectors (particularly if the job involves new construction). Not only will this help you trouble-shoot a potential problem, the responding authority will have an easier time as well. 25. What's the difference between a supervisory alarm and a trouble signal? A "trouble" indication on a fire alarm system represents a problem that may adversely affect the operation of the system (as a whole). In most cases, this must be addressed by trained service personnel. Examples of a "trouble" signal are: AC power failure, battery trouble, ground fault, indicating circuit "open", signal circuit "short" or "open". A "supervisory" signal is an "off normal" indication of a monitored device. In most cases this type of signal doesn't require the response of trained service personnel. Restoring the monitored device to "normal" and resetting the fire alarm system usually clears this type of indication. Examples would be: sprinkler "low air", sprinkler "low water", generator "trouble", fire pump "trouble", movement of a sprinkler valve handle, heat trace power failure (or common trouble), etc. It is important to remember that a supervisory signal often triggers a relay in the fire alarm's common control that is separate from the "trouble" contact. You must ensure that any off-site monitoring connections take this into account. 26. Which code references CAN/ULC-S537 (Standard for Verification of Fire Alarm Systems) thereby making it a legal document? First of all, the referenced standard (as well as the other applicable standards) represents the collaborative effort of several committed individuals that hail from a variety of backgrounds and disciplines. Some work for fire alarm manufacturers, engineering firms and local building inspection authorities. Most are volunteering their expertise and their time. CAN/ULC-S537 represents the minimum acceptable criteria for the testing and commissioning of a fire alarm system. In Canada, Provincial Building Codes primarily reference both CAN/ULC-S524 and CAN/ULC-S537 in their requirements for the installation of a fire alarm system (which also demonstrates how a "standard" becomes "accepted" or "legal"). In British Columbia, BCBC (2006) Section 3.2.4.5 is titled "Installation and Verification of Fire Alarm Systems". BCBC (2006) 3.2.4.5 (1) "Fire alarm systems including the voice communication capability where provided, shall be installed in conformance with CAN/ULC-S524, 'Installation of Fire Alarm Systems'." BCBC (2006) 3.2.4.5 (2) "Fire alarm systems shall be verified in conformance with CAN/ULC-S537, 'Verification of Fire Alarm Systems', to ensure they are operating satisfactorily." UPDATED! 27. Who can verify a fire alarm system (in Canada)? What qualifications should they have? Can the installation company (or contractor) "sign off" on the Verification? AHJ's all across Canada have been deliberating over the definitive answer to this question for years. CAN/ULC-S537-04 states that the verification must be carried out by an agency (or individual) acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction, who can demonstrate they have the sufficient training or experience, and who is not the installing contractor or involved in the design of the fire alarm system. CFAA has published a position paper on the subject which attempts to establish the means by which an AHJ might formulate their own criteria, but it relies heavily on promoting expansion of their own organization across Canada (which may not actually be a "bad thing"). It is a sad fact that some manufacturer trained technicians are often ill prepared to actually identify even their own incorrectly installed fire alarm equipment (or the required wiring), let alone flag an installation as "unacceptable" which might jeopardize an established business relationship with the contractor (or Professional Engineer) under whose auspices they may have been contracted. It has been our experience that a good proportion of them are more concerned with ensuring the system is properly programmed (the software required has become even more complex partly as a result of the introduction of "mass notification" requirements and the firmware changes this has prompted). Many local authorities have adopted their own criteria when it comes to designating approved verification agencies and "acceptable" individuals. The City of Vancouver has taken the lead in this issue and defined not only the minimum acceptance criteria, but have actually listed individuals and organizations whom they deem to be acceptable to provide commissioning and verification of fire alarm systems in their Bulletin 2003-009-EL. We however view this list as the necessary "first step" in the journey towards establishing acceptance and professional certification. Membership in a professional organization like CFAA or ASTTBC may provide some additional recognition, but until these organizations start supporting the individuals they certify through the "continuing education" which they promise (but seldom deliver) and provide the means to rigorously police their membership, verification inspections will continue to fall short of the standard. We've suggested several means to help an AHJ in determining the means to "vet" a verification test report. You can explore these options here and here. ULC has also issued a Standards Bulletin which may prove helpful as well. If your company has performed (or has been approved by the local jurisdictional authority to provide) a verification and you have been contracted to provide the installation of the fire alarm equipment, you (and your company) are ineligible to verify the system. Even if you subcontract the physical installation work to another agency (who may have pulled the necessary permits), you are still viewed as the primary contractor. Some jurisdictions require the contractor to sign off in an "assisting capacity" to the actual verification agency. It is extremely important to recognize that an arms length relationship must be maintained between the individual (or company) performing the verification and the installing contractor. 28. How many times is a fire alarm system verified (or how many times can a fire alarm system be verified)? A fire alarm verification inspection is normally conducted when a newly installed fire alarm system is commissioned. There are some additional provisions within CAN/ULC-S537 (Verification Standard for Fire Alarm Systems) and Provincial Fire Codes that will trigger the requirement for a verification or special audit however. These can include additions or modifications to an existing fire alarm system, replacement of components such as booster power supplies, the common control's motherboard, zone expansion modules, control circuits, annunciators, and initiating or indicating appliance modules. Replacement or repair of any system wiring will also trigger a verification but this is usually limited to the affected devices on that zone or circuit. On rare occasions an order by the Authority Having Jurisdiction may require the building owner to have the fire alarm system verified (a recent incident involving several grow-ops in an apartment building comes to mind). 29. CAN/ULC-S536-04 (Inspection Standard for Fire Alarm Systems) 2004 Edition introduces some significant changes to the way conventional and addressable fire alarm panels are tested. Are you required to adopt these changes? How will they impact testing times and ultimately, the building owner's costs? The changes to the testing standard are significant in one major respect. They will increase the time required to perform the annual test and inspection on all supervised and addressable fire alarm systems and ultimately impact the cost to the building owner for the service. If you are either a CFAA certified or ASTTBC registered technician you must incorporate the changes in the Standard in your testing procedures. If either you or your employer is reluctant to do so you are not conforming to the Standard and may well invalidate the test. TIP: Our forms reflect the most current version of the Standard. CONVENTIONAL SUPERVISED FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS: Section 5.7.11 is entitled Conventional Circuit End-of-Line Device and requires you to test each input circuit and output circuit end-of-line devices for open circuit (supervision), short circuit (alarm or supervisory), and ground fault conditions. You must, furthermore record the results of each test in the inspection report. What this means is that you will have to FIND every end-of-line device (it's usually mounted on a single gang plate which is appropriately labeled), and drop it to perform your tests. This will add approximately ten (10) minutes for every zone on the system. On older systems, you may have to hunt for them as they may have been mounted behind the last device in the circuit and not on an identifiable plate. You must list each device in the test record along with its location. The number of end-of-line devices should match the number of active zones on a conventional fire alarm system. TIP for PMA Sales Staff - You can easily calculate the additional time required to complete the annual inspection by counting the number of conventional zones displayed on the common control panel and multiplying by 0.2 (Example - Your panel has 30 initiating and signaling circuits. The time to test the end-of-line devices would be 30 X 0.2 = 6.0 Hours). Note: You should allow for some additional time if the locations of the end-of-line devices are not readily apparent or you can't determine how many signaling circuits there are on the system. Tech Tip: Since you have to drop each end-of-line device to perform the required testing above, I would also suggest that you record the VOLTAGE at each device at the same time. This will enable you to identify potential problems on the zone (if the voltage changes dramatically from one year to the next). It will also assist you in determining if circuit powered devices (like smoke detectors) are receiving their rated voltage and that the voltage drop from the panel is within the manufacturer's specifications. ADDRESSABLE AND LARGE NETWORKED FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS: There are some additional tests required specific to these types of systems. These include: "5.6.2 - Where fault isolation modules are installed in data communication links serving field devices, wiring shall be shorted on the isolated side, annunciation of the fault confirmed, and then a field device on the source side shall be operated and activation confirmed at the control unit or transponder. 5.6.3 - Where fault isolation in data communication links is provided between control units or
transponders and between transponders, introduce a short circuit fault and confirm annunciation of the
fault and operation outside the shorted section between each pair of: This means that the testing technician must be able to locate and identify the applicable fault isolation modules. Most have an LED placed prominently on the face of the cover plate, but some (like the GE Security SIGA-IM) have no discernable indicators (when mounted on 4X4 boxes with covers). It's been fairly common (in installations I've seen) that the modules are located inside one of the main control cabinets (or in a cabinet mounted adjacent to it). Where are other isolator modules located? Look for them either mounted in a 4X4 box next to the common control or as the first device on a specific floor. TIP for PMA Sales Staff - You should deal with fault isolators the same way you would with the end-of-line device tests unless you can confirm that they're all located in a central location (or cabinet). In the latter instance you can use a 0.1 multiplier to determine the additional time required. In order to comply with Section 5.7.11, you must first identify all conventionally terminated monitor modules. These are predominately located in the building's sprinkler room and used to supervise alarm valves, flow switches, and tamper switches on sprinkler riser valves, fire pump valves, back-flow preventers, and the like. You should also check stairwells for valves and flow switches. Monitor modules are normally mounted on 1110 or 4X4 steel boxes. Some (but not all) will be identified with the zone and circuit numbers on the plastic (or metal) covers. TIP for PMA Sales Staff - Chances are that a review of the previous inspection report will identify the specific conventional type devices that were tested. While it's not always "a given" that each valve or supervisory device is individually zoned, for the purposes of a "rough calculation" you would be safe in assuming so. Use the same formula given in the Conventional Panel TIP. TECHNICAL NOTES: What should you do if the end-of-line resistors don't report a ground fault condition? You will record the results of your testing on the individual device test record. If you observe that the back-box isn't properly grounded, you could expect that the test for ground-fault won't yield the required result. On some older systems, only two conductor wire was often run to each device. Does this deserve a RED TAG? No, however, if the system was installed after 1992 (when grounding of back boxes was first required in the CAN/ULC-S524 Installation Standard), then this should be recorded as a deficiency. What if the end-of-line resistor isn't mounted on a proper plate (in some instances it could even be located in the last device on the circuit)? You must record your findings on the individual device test record and (in instances where there are two or more devices on the circuit), you should also make recommendations that the resistor be relocated to a proper mounting plate next to the last device on the circuit. 30. Are there any fire alarm relays listed for tripping from a notification circuit? As a matter of fact, there is! It's manufactured by GE Security/Edwards and it's listed as a "6554 Series Fire Alarm Relay". The relay contacts are rated at 120VAC or 30 VDC, 5 amps inductive, 3 amps resistive. The unit mounts inside a standard two gang (4x4) deep box and comes complete with a appropriately labeled stainless steel cover. You must exercise caution when employing this relay to trip anything other than a door holder. Most new signal appliances don't ring continuously, but are set to pulse temporarily, and some are programmed to silence manually. When either of these circumstances occur, the relay will "follow" the operation of the NAC circuit (in which case things like fan shutdown, elevator recall, fire dampers may not function in the manner required by code). There is a "work-around" for this however. You can employ a latching relay contactor on the circuit. This will require the operator to manually reset the device once the fire alarm system has been restored. In this scenario, appropriate instructions must be posted on the fire alarm control (and/or remote annunciator). 31. "I'm concerned with the attached fire alarm Verification Report. It doesn't remotely resemble another report we received on a similar project we manage in Burnaby. What should we do, and whom do we contact to give us the proper information?" Here's a portion of my response: What's the proper format for a verification report? Reference the Appendix in the Verification Standard - CAN/ULC-S537-04 (alternatively, you can go to our forms page). If the report in front of you doesn't comply with either of these suggestions, then the verification is DEFINITELY NOT VALID! 32. What is a Fire Alarm Verification Certificate? This is a document provided by most fire alarm manufacturers following the commissioning/verification of a new fire alarm system. As it isn't specified or identified (hence not required) in any part of the Standard for the Verification of Fire Alarm Systems (CAN/ULC-S537-04), it's not normally my practice to issue one. I must admit that some certificates I've seen are nice enough looking to be considered "art" (you could even have them professionally framed). The fact that it's mostly manufacturers that have adopted the use of certificates, some Engineers and Architects actually NEED one before they will sign off on their project (and that's just one of those times when you've gotta "go with the flow"). 33.Can you explain how a fire pump controller should be connected to a fire alarm system? A fire pump controller provides the means to actuate, test, and service this vital component of a sprinkler system - most usually located in high-rise apartment, large warehouses, and office buildings. Controllers feature a set of indicator lamps that tell you the status of the fire pump (it's usually mounted in the same room as the pump but in some instances the sprinkler room is too small or there's a risk of flooding which means you'll have to find it). There's a "power on" lamp, a "fire pump running" lamp, and additional "trouble" indicators depending on what the manufacturer may decide to include. There are two types of fire pumps: engine driven and electric. Both technologies controllers employs a sensing line. A sudden drop in pressure in the line (caused by the actuation of a sprinkler head) will trigger a switch in the controller which will turn on the fire pump. The pressure in the sensing line is maintained at a higher level than the normal static water pressure in the system by a "jockey pump" (which employs it's own separate controller). This prevents the inadvertent actuation of the fire pump if there's a drop or a spike in the supply pressure. There are normally two supervised outputs on a fire pump controller. One is activated when the pump is "running", and the other if there is "trouble" condition. There may also be a third output called "phase reversal" (but typically on older controllers, this is routed through the common "trouble" output). All should be monitored by separate latching supervisory circuits on the fire alarm control panel. 34. What's the maximum mounting height for a fire extinguisher? That all depends on the SIZE of the extinguisher. NFPA 10 (2007) is the reference standard in North America and it states: "6.1.3.8.1 Fire extinguishers having a gross weight not exceeding 40 lb (18.14 kg) shall be installed so that the top of the fire extinguisher is not more than 5 ft (1.53 m) above the floor. 6.1.3.8.2 Fire extinguishers having a gross weight greater than 40 lb (18.14 kg) (except wheeled types) shall be installed so that the top of the fire extinguisher is not more than 3.5 ft (1.07 m) above the floor." And don't forget one other proviso: You must maintain a clearance of at least 4 inches (102 mm) between the bottom of the extinguisher and the floor. NOTE: If the extinguisher is going to be mounted in a cabinet (or on a wall bracket), the mounting heights provided above must still be observed. The measurement to the top of the cabinet is of no consequence but you can safely assume the measurement to the bottom must be at least 4 inches (102 mm) from the floor. 35. What should a Fire Alarm Verification Test Report include? The basic documentation that must be provided for any Fire Alarm Verification performed in Canada is outlined in the Standard for Verification of Fire Alarm Systems - CAN/ULC-S537-04. Local authorities may require additional documentation or may require you to submit an amended Appendix "A" form (as the City of Vancouver has done in Bulletin 2000-021-EL). Our forms happen to be based on this bulletin (I am, after all, based in Vancouver). More "universal" Canadian forms are in the works though. The primary difference centres around the Appendix "A" document. The forms currently available HERE don't include signature lines for the Design Engineer, Contractor, and supporting technician (but are in the works). 36. The monthly test of my fire alarm system requires me to check the stand-by battery (terminals and general condition). To do this, I have to remove the panel's dead-front. This has a rather large warning sign that states I should disconnect all sources of power before attempting to remove it for service. How can I safely do this? Contact your fire equipment service provider and request that they provide you with the necessary detailed information that will enable you to perform this function. If you're still uncomfortable with the thought of removing the dead front, or have other concerns relating to the required monthly testing regimen, it may be possible to have them perform the service for you. Many fire safety companies provide this on a reduced fee basis (if it's done as part of an annual agreement). WARNING! On many older panels (and even some incorrectly installed newer ones) there is a distinct probability that high voltage AC (110) is terminated to some of the common control relays. Removing the dead front on these panels may expose you to an unacceptable level of risk and as such might be the case this should only be performed by trained technicians. You should make a notation in the monthly log to this effect if you are uncomfortable with performing this task. 37. What's "the Code" say about monitoring sprinkler valves and systems (generally)? This question has been reworded somewhat from the one entered into Google which was: "what's the fire code to monitor tamper switches grouped together". I hope I've interpreted it correctly. There are several Sections that cover the monitoring of sprinkler devices (most of which are derived from the Canadian Building Code so the section numbers should be identical across most Provincial/Territorial Jurisdictions). 3.2.4.7(2) reads: "A fire alarm system that includes waterflow-indicating devices shall be designed to notify the fire department in conformance with Sentence (4) when an alarm is initiated." 3.2.4.7(4) reads: "Notification of the fire department, as required by Sentences (1), (2), and (3), shall be provided in conformance with CAN/ULC-S561, "Installation and Services for Fire Signal Receiving Centres and Systems." 3.2.4.9.(2) states: "An automatic sprinkler system shall be electrically supervised to indicate a supervisory signal on the building fire alarm system annunciator for each of the following: a) movement of a valve handle that controls the supply of water to sprinklers, 3.2.4.9.(3): "Indication of a supervisory signal in accordance with Sentence (2) shall be transmitted to the fire department in conformance with Sentence 3.2.4.7.(4)." Then there's 3.2.5.12 (1) which reads: "If a fire alarm system in a building is required to have an annunciator by Sentence 3.2.4.8.(1), except for hose valves, all valves controlling water supplies in a standpipe system shall be equipped with an electrically supervised switch for transmitting a trouble signal to the annunciator in the event of movement of the valve handle." 38. Can you use a cable jack for Shaw Digital Phone? This relates somewhat to an open TIP we posted regarding fire alarm communicators. Shaw's digital telephone service (as with Rogers "back East") utilizes bandwidth on their cable television signal. When you order the service, the Shaw/Rogers technician will install a specialized cable modem which he will connect to a cable outlet that is convenient to the main telephone drop. This makes it easy to facilitate connection of all the phone jacks in the premises. Any cable outlet will do. Can you move the service to another location? Yes as long as it's on the same provider's backbone (Shaw modem to Shaw outlet, Rogers modem to Rogers outlet). NOTE: You should be aware that there is limited phone service available in the event of an extended power failure. The onboard battery (within the cable modem) is only designed to provide backup for a period of four to six hours. If you're using this method as a means to facilitate communication between a fire alarm system and a central monitoring facility, you will NOT meet the code requirement for stand-by capacity. Many jurisdictions will not accept VOIP service for this reason. UPDATED! 39. If I change a fire alarm device, do I need a verification? This question opens a huge "can of worms". Section 6 of CAN/ULC-S537-04 details the minimal acceptable criteria (in Canada). Sentence 6.3 states: "Where a field device is replaced, the device shall be verified in accordance with this Standard." See what I mean by a "can of worms"? Too onerous? Perhaps. Is it common practice? Not in my experience (in fact my original answer to this question was "no" because in the almost thirty years I've been working in this industry, no one I know has ever been required to). The verification of a field device requires you to check the wiring meets all the manufacturer's requirements and that of CEC. In most instances a service technician (someone that's trained to perform annual testing) isn't familiar enough (or even qualified) to make that sort of judgment call, and more often than not, he's going to be the one replacing the detector. You must check that the device is properly supervised. If you're changing a device and the panel doesn't go into "trouble" you have a problem. If you're changing a device and haven't checked that it's compatible with the system, you have a problem (I have been called in to service a number of systems where incompatible smoke detectors have somehow managed to "find" their way "in" over the years). If the back box isn't properly grounded or a test of the ground fault circuit yields negative results, you have a problem. If you can document that you have performed all of these tests, I believe you will have satisfied the intent of the sentence BUT it's extremely important for you to check with your local AHJ as to whether-or-not they will ask you to comply with the actual Standard. NOTE: If you're changing out a device that utilizes a "plug-in" style base where you don't have to disconnect any wires, the requirement to document the associated tests (supervisory, ground fault, and operation) could be limited to a simple work order appended to the original verification report. Now, If you're "upgrading" a heat detector to a smoke detector, the answer will be a definite "yes". The answer's the same if you go the other way (changing a smoke to a heat). What you're doing in this instance is changing the parameters by which the system was originally designed. If you're working in Vancouver, it's best to make yourself familiar with Bulletin 2000-021-EL. 40. Where should a fire alarm control panel be installed? The simple answer is: "Someplace warm and dry". Fire alarm panels are usually located in a central INDOOR location so that the building occupants and first responders can easily access the various control functions such as exhaust and pressurization fans, elevator recall, door holders and release mechanisms, etc. In large buildings, it helps to have this at or near the main entrance so that the TROUBLE, SUPERVISORY, or ALARM information can be quickly discerned and the appropriate response or action(s) determined. Many common controls are located in the main electrical room in which case they would employ some form of remote annunciation at or near the structure's main entrance. In all cases, access to the control functions must be restricted to authorized personnel through the use of cabinet locks or (for some of the higher level functions) pass codes. Section 3.2.4.8 of the British Columbia Building Code states: "Except as permitted by Sentences (3) to (5), an annunciator shall be installed in close proximity to a building entrance that faces a street or an access route for fire department vehicles that complies with Sentence 3.2.5.5.(1)." 41. How do you add an isolator module to an existing fire alarm panel? The answer to this question is in the instruction sheet that usually comes with the unit. This also includes a wiring diagram which identifies the terminal connections for you. If you're adding an isolation module to either a Chubb/Edwards (formerly GE Security) or Simplex addressable system SLC (or data) loop, it will require a change in the software to properly identify the unit. Mircom, Secutron, FireLite, Notifier, and Potter utilize "dumb" loop isolators. That means there's no "smarts" in them, just a simple relay and circuitry to identify a "low" or "short" condition on the output. Notification (bell) circuit isolator modules are also "dumb" devices and don't require any special programming to install. Remember that (in Canada a least) the addition of any device on a circuit will trigger the requirement for a Fire Alarm Verification Inspection! 42. Who can perform a hydro-static test on a fire extinguisher (in Canada)? In Canada, facilities that are engaged in the performance of any hydro-static testing of pressurized cylinders (this includes low pressure dry chemical fire extinguishers) are required to be registered with Transport Canada under regulations outlined in the 2002 version of CSA B339. Staff in the employ of these certified agencies must undergo regular requalification under the requirements of the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations. For more information, click HERE. To find a registered Cylinder Requalifier (or to search Transport Canada's database to see if a specific service provider is properly listed), click HERE. Following a successful test, Transport Canada requires a tamper-proof label be affixed to the extinguisher which details the date of the test, provides the name of the testing agency, and the test pressure to which the cylinder was exposed. A sample label is provided courtesy of Royal City Fire Supplies Ltd. (and is used with their permission):
NOTE: Unregistered agencies (or companies) which perform hydro-static testing service are doing so in violation of the regulatory authority. The application of a label similar to the one shown by such an unregistered company would render any such testing INVALID. Tech Tip: If you are performing an annual inspection on a fire extinguisher, you must ensure that the company or agency whose name appears on the hydro-test label (or whose stamped ID is on the neck of a CO2 extinguisher) is properly registered. If you find that this is not the case, you must arrange to remove the extinguisher from service and have it properly tested. 43. Can any fire alarm technician test a fire pump? NOTE: "Any" is a word that could suggest a "trainee" technician and for the purpose of providing a suitable response, I'm going to assume that the fire alarm technician that will perform the testing is familiar with (and has some training on) the operation of the specific fire pump controller that will be the subject of the test. A fire alarm technician's "testing" of a fire pump is usually limited to simulating a failure of the primary controller and initiating a "run" cycle to ensure the appropriate supervisory signals are received by the fire alarm control and any connected remote annunciator(s). The failure simulation is usually accomplished by using the circuit disconnect means on the controller. It's been my experience that the testing of the fire pump is usually coordinated with the testing of the building's sprinkler systems. Fire pump testing involves performing flow and pressure tests which entails the use of specialized equipment and training which isn't something most fire alarm technicians are capable of doing. Normally, it's the building owner's responsibility to "run" the fire pump on a monthly basis to prevent damage to the impeller and related equipment from corrosion. If it's impractical to perform both annual tests (fire alarm and sprinkler) concurrently, the monthly "run" test is a good option that will actually confirm correct indication is received at the building's common control and annunciator(s). 44. Is it permissible to have different audible signal devices in the same building? In Canada, the National Building Code as well as the BCBC appears to be fairly silent on this issue (I'm pretty sure that other Provincial Codes don't specifically address this issue either). You have to go to CAN/ULC-S524-06 (Standard for Installation of Fire Alarm Systems) for the answer. Section 5.4.1.7: "Audible signal devices within a building shall generate similar sounds and sound patterns when activated." Are there exceptions? Yes. Insuite sounders are often found on fire alarm systems that employ bells or gongs in the common area spaces of a residential building. The interpretation most Verifying Agencies place on this section is that you can't "mix" alarm sounds within a building's public spaces (you can't put up horns with bells in the hallways, parkades or common areas). It's interesting to note that a larger number of Architects and Design Engineers are moving more towards employing horns and non-silenceable buzzers in public corridors and areas instead of the standard red fire bell. Not only do they meet (and often exceed) the required sound pressure levels, they're far more attractive and less prone to tampering. If you wish to change out a buildings existing bells (upgrade them to horns/buzzers), you must engage in a consultative process between the local AHJ and a Design Engineer (who will ensure the spacing requirements and sound pressure levels meet the current installation standard). 45. What is the maximum height for a fire alarm pull station in Vancouver? CAN/ULC-S524-06 is the Standard for Installation of Fire Alarm Systems and Section 5.2 is entitled "Manual Stations". Provincial Building Codes and the Vancouver Building ByLaw (VBBL) both reference this Standard so, in Vancouver (as well as the rest of Canada): Sentence 5.2.1 reads: "Manual stations shall be installed not less than 1200 mm and not more than 1400 mm above the finished floor level measured to the centre of the manual station." What if you're replacing an existing manual station that's not installed to the current standard? In many buildings more than thirty years old, some manual stations are of the old style disk type which aren't even ULC Listed. In many instances, these units are often found on equally archaic three-wire unsupervised twelve volt fire alarm systems. None of these installations could be termed "deficient" as they probably met the Code requirements of the day. Replacing a defective manual station (as with any other similar fire alarm device) is a maintenance issue and not an installation one. Tech TIP: In older buildings, you can't do much about the mounting height (without extensive cosmetic damage to the wall), but you can do something about bringing the fire alarm system more into compliance by recommending the owner change out non-listed bells and manual stations with units that are ULC Listed. Such a recommendation should be noted in the "Comments/Remarks" section of your annual test report. It may be prudent for you to also submit a copy of your report to the local Fire Department's Fire Prevention Office who may follow-up on it with a site visit to determine the suitability of requiring the owner to (at least) update the affected devices. 46. I'm an electrical contractor working in Vancouver on a fire alarm upgrade. We're installing an addressable fire alarm system from a well-known manufacturer with a local office. The subject of wiring for devices attached to the SCL loop as well as the remote annunciator required some clarification from the local rep, who advised that it was perfectly acceptable for us to use non-shielded cable for both. The rep went on to say that since the run to the annunciator is so short, we could even use a single five conductor 18AWG unshielded fire cable to terminate both power and data runs with no difficulty. My question is: Will this pass the verification test? The installation manual calls for twisted shielded pair to be used on the RS-485 communications loop for the annunciator. Whenever I get asked this question (and whenever I SEE something like this), I see RED! A manufacturer's REP (or technician) counseling someone to deviate from the installation instructions should be (in my considered opinion) automatic cause for their immediate dismissal. What troubles me even more is the possibility that the system may be verified by the same individual that counseled the deviation in the first place and that, very often, the local branch office isn't aware of (or - in the worst possible case - might even turn a blind eye to) this dangerous practice. If you choose to follow the rep's advice, you may be exposing yourself to an unacceptable level of personal liability (try to envision the robot in the series "Lost in Space" frantically waving his arms and shouting: "Danger Will Robinson! Danger!"). The installation instructions forms part of the submittal required by ULC of the manufacturer in order to certify the equipment for use in Canada. Deviations from these instructions cannot be authorized by anyone other than ULC (and only after the subject equipment has been resubmitted for testing under the specified condition). Now some readers may be ready to point out that the "Authority Having Jurisdiction" could authorize such a deviation, but I have yet to see this happen (in my almost thirty years in this business). This kind of thing amounts to (at the very least) a "triple whammy" as you would be violating two (2) major ULC Standards and Section 3.2.4.5 of BCBC (2006) (in the case of Vancouver it's the VBBL). Appendix B (B.1) of CAN/ULC-S524-06 (Fire Alarm Installation Standard) notes: "... Some Manufacturers may have requirements specified in their wiring installation drawings which may differ from those stated below and, where they differ, the manufacturer's requirements should be followed: ..." (underlined for emphasis). CAN/ULC-S537-04 (Fire Alarm Verification Standard) states in Sentence 3.3.3.1: "Wiring extending beyond a control unit or transponder shall be inspected at all system termination points to ensure that the wire type and gauge is in accordance with the equipment manufacturer's installation wiring requirements. (Refer to Appendix C3, Field Device and Related Circuits - Test and Inspection)" 47. Can fire alarm wiring be painted? Exposed fire alarm cable (free air run) isn't allowed by any modern code or standard. This doesn't mean that it's not "out there" (such an installation may have met the "requirements of the day" on older installations). Painting fire alarm cable will alter it's tested flame exposure characteristics and may even contribute to more rapid spreading of a fire. In fact, you really shouldn't paint any exposed wiring in a building (for the same reason). Fire alarm cable must be protected from physical damage and as such is always run inside rigid EMT conduit or flexible "BX". You can paint either with no appreciable adverse affect. 48. What are the rules for monitoring sprinkler heat tracing on a fire alarm system? Our Glossary defines HEAT TRACING as: A specially designed heating element comprised of a coated wire which is wrapped around exposed domestic or WET SPRINKLER SYSTEM piping and is thermostatically controlled to prevent the water in the pipe from freezing. HEAT TRACED piping is usually insulated with glass fibre. In parkades or other exposed locations, tears or other damage to the insulation material (or covering) should be investigated and repaired. Loss of power to the HEAT TRACE CONTROLLER should result in a supervisory trouble signal on the FIRE ALARM SYSTEM and often only requires a RESET of the system once power is restored. The definition above specifically identifies something called a "heat trace controller". This device performs a number of tasks. It supervises the special heater wire (used to protect vulnerable sprinkler piping against freezing) for shorts, opens and ground faults (similar to what a fire alarm control does). It also interfaces to a thermocouple which is positioned into the environment that poses the greatest freezing hazard the sprinkler piping will be exposed to. This enables the controller to monitor the ambient temperature and ensure an appropriate response (in this case turning "on" the heating element) is initiated. A failure (or other trouble condition) triggers a relay contact that will initiate a supervisory alert on the fire alarm control or other output type device. The "heat trace controller" is a critical element in maintaining the integrity of the sprinkler system. Some contractors working outside of jurisdictions that have actually mandated the use of these devices (and to save on the trouble and expense of an actual controller) have opted to use "self regulating" heater cable available through most home hardware stores and which normally plugs into an electrical outlet. This has lead to "modifications" where 110VAC relays supervise the power to the cable but nothing else. In order to head off such workarounds Vancouver has adopted a very rigorous set of rules in their Bulletin 2000-016-EL/PL. It serves as one of the finest examples in which two separate disciplines (electrical and plumbing) actually work together to achieve a higher standard. The real answer to this question relies heavily on that term best practice. The fire alarm system should be monitoring a "heat trace controller" which, ideally, provides the means to supervise all the working elements of a sprinkler heat tracing system so as to ensure optimum occupant life safety. 49. Do you require a class "A" circuit for a fire alarm emergency communications riser (in Canada)? Usually "no". There is no actual requirement to employ a Class "A" circuit in this application. Division "B" Appendix "A" of BCBC (2006) states: "A-3.2.4.18.(10) Signal Circuits. Clause 3.2.4.18.(10)(a) permits Class A wiring, or Class B wiring with signal circuit isolators located outside of the suites, to serve audible signal devices within residential suites." The "key" component in this section is the "signal circuit isolator". If you don't use them, you MUST employ a Class A circuit to ensure survivability of the system. Your local jurisdictional authority may have implemented some special provisions to supplement the Code requirements, however, so it would be prudent for you to check with them before you start planning your wire runs. An example would be the Vancouver Building By-Law (VBBL). You can review the requirements in our response to a question concerning the use of insuite signal circuit isolators HERE. Two-way voice communication risers (fire fighter's telephones) are most often wired Class B. There are some pretty strict rules about how a riser is installed and what measures you have to employ to meet the test of system survivability. These have to do with maintaining proper fire separations, fire stopping, routing of cable, etc. In many cases the design engineer will stipulate whether Class A or Class B runs should be used so it's important that you review the specifications of the project as well before you even start running wire. IMPORTANT NOTE concerning this last sentence: The system Verifier will also be referencing the design specification as part of the fire alarm verification procedure. 50. Is it permissible to use a UL® listed fire alarm device on a Canadian system even if they're both made by the same manufacturer? In Canada, you can only use ULC® listed devices on a ULC® listed fire alarm panel. Conversely, you can't use a ULC® listed device on a UL® listed fire alarm panel in the United States. The "cUL®" mark is the only one that is recognized as having "no barrier" for use in either country. Using a non-listed device on a listed fire alarm panel is strictly forbidden and would invalidate the ULC® (or UL®) listing. CAN/ULC-S524-06 (Installation of Fire Alarm Systems) states in Section 3.1.3: "Devices and equipment used in a fire alarm system , and the interconnection to the fire signal receiving centre, shall comply with the following Standards:
Tech TIP: If your employer is sourcing fire alarm product from an agency outside of your country's testing jurisdiction for use on a listed fire alarm panel, you cannot install it, and you cannot validate such an installation by accepting (or passing) it. 51. What's the acceptable voltage drop between the fire alarm control panel and the end-of-line resistor? CAN/ULC-S524 Section 3.4.4 states: "The voltage drop and power dissipation on any circuit shall not prevent the proper operation of that circuit and shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions." This can vary significantly between manufacturer, panel models, and modules. That's why it's really important for you to be able to reference the installation manual for the panel you're testing. You'll also be able to determine if the correct gauge of wire has been used for the estimated length of the run. 52. Does the Ontario Building Code allow for the installation of fault isolation modules above a T-Bar Ceiling? Neither the National Building Code or the Provincial ones stipulate exactly WHERE to mount fault isolation modules. For the answer to this question, you have to reference CAN/ULC-S524-06 (Standard for Installation of Fire Alarm Systems), specifically Section 5.14 which is titled "Fault Isolation Modules". Clause 5.14.3 states: "Except as noted in Clause 5.14.4, fault isolation modules, shall be located in a separate enclosure, installed so as to be visible and accessible at all times, and located beyond the last device in the data communication link serving that floor area." (actual answer underlined for emphasis) The way I interpret this clause in the Standard is that you can mount the isolator IN the T-Bar, but not ABOVE it for the unit to meet the requirement of being "visible and accessible at all times". There are some additional requirements as well (the least of which is the test to meet the required fire rating which most T-Bar ceiling systems fail to do). It's best for you to review all the clauses in this section of the Standard before you proceed with the installation. 53. Would you recommend one of those "mini" fire extinguishers for a home? Let me start off by stating that I've never experienced an uncontrolled fire in my home, but I do know several people that have. Here's a few basic rules I go by:
I have several extinguisher types in my home. I prefer a 5lb. ABC rated extinguisher for general use. For my kitchen and barbeque I have "K" class extinguishers. Clean up of the latter is much easier and because it's a liquid agent it also helps to prevent something called "reflash", which is a danger particularly around hot cooking surfaces. As an alternative for the kitchen, I would recommend a 5 or 10 lb BC rated extinguisher. I have a "clean agent" extinguisher in my home office because the thought of discharging a dry chemical extinguisher into the same room that houses my server rack and colour printers is too horrifying to contemplate.
It's a good idea to familiarize yourself with the proper methods of putting out common kitchen and household type fires. A number of helpful videos can by found on youtube or your local fire department's website and often involve a "common sense" approach that may not even require using a fire extinguisher (particularly when it comes to grease or cooking oil fires). You should also familiarize yourself with the care, maintenance and use of your particular type of extinguisher. The best way of dealing with a fire in the kitchen however, is to ensure one never starts. This involves exercising caution when working around your stove and keeping flammable items safe and secure. 54. How do you tell when a fire extinguisher is bad? This question has a very broad answer because there are a lot of failure criteria and (in most cases) you have to be trained to know what to look for. The simplest indicator is the pressure gauge found on most common type fire extinguishers (illustrated in the previous question). The gauge usually has a green zone sandwiched between two red zones. If the indicator is in either of the red zones, your extinguisher is "bad" and requires immediate service. A number of extinguishers have a metal pull or safety pin that prevents an accidental discharge of the extinguisher when you're moving it or servicing it. If that pin is missing, it's "bad" and requires service. If, when weighed, the unit doesn't fall within the weight stipulated on the label, it's "bad" and requires service. If the cylinder has been damaged (dented, scarred, engraved, scored or deeply scratched), it's "bad" and, depending on the severity of the damage, might even have to be destroyed. These are but a few (and the most obvious) of the testing criteria. You should be looking for some of these every month if you're an apartment or building manager and performing the scheduled "walk-through" of your project in accordance with your Fire Safety Plan. There is one other parameter you must check. Most common low pressure type extinguishers have to go through two mandatory maintenance tests. The first one occurs six (6) years after the date of manufacture, while the second happens after twelve (12) years (with the cycle repeating itself from each testing date there-after). You can find the date of manufacture stamped into the bottom of the extinguisher or on the label affixed to it's shell. The first test can be performed by any service company that has the ability to properly harvest the agent, examine its consistency, carry out an internal examination of the cylinder, replace the agent and repressurize the unit. This is called a "six year maintenance". The second test is the hydro-static test which is explained in a preceding FAQ. Both tests (when successfully concluded) will result in a label being affixed to the cylinder which explains the type of test conducted and provides the date of the test. 55. When a manufacturer "recommends" using a certain kind of wire and the contractor decides to run something altogether different, how should a Verifier address this? In order to answer this question in the correct context, let's use a recent example I came across. The contractor elected to install an addressable fire alarm system in this large warehouse project in Richmond. The fire alarm installation instructions hadn't even been "cracked" when we arrived to terminate the telephone line to the newly commissioned fire alarm communicator, yet all the necessary wire had been run and the panel was essentially ready for final terminations and start-up. The remote annunciator was located over 150 metres away and mounted external to the building. The contractor had pulled a single 18/5 fire cable and four 12 gauge wires from the fire alarm control to the annunciator location. He had also terminated all of the wiring into the bottom of the control panel's back-box (on my advise this last bit was, at least, corrected). When I showed him the relevant pages in the manual, he made a comment that the installation was as he was instructed to do. I didn't argue with him, but explained that he might have some problems when it came time for the Verification. This is where it get's interesting. If you look at the installation manual from the manufacturer, it states quite plainly that you must employ "twisted shielded pair" for the RS-485 communication loop between the panel and the remote annunciator. It also clearly illustrates that separate cables must be used for annunciator power and communication. The manual for the annunciator, however, states that it is "recommended" that twisted shielded pair be used. While some could interpret this as to mean that twisted shielded pair isn't "required", I hold with the premise that the installation manual for the panel takes precedence in this case. The Verifier MUST ensure that the wire type and gauge meets the requirements of the manufacturer (CAN/ULC-S537-04 Section 3.3.3.1). But, can you still use 18/5 fire alarm cable for both power and communication for a remote annunciator? NO!! The project employs motorized bells on two separate bell circuits also wired as Class "A" utilizing 18/5 fire cable (this is in itself a "no-no" as a typical Class "A" installation requires a physical separation between the "feed" and "return" runs). The manufacturer provides a table in the manual that presents the information necessary for the contractor to determine the correct gauge of wire for the anticipated current draw on the circuit in an easy to read format. Utilizing the correctly sized wire is crucial to remaining within the 1.8 volt maximum allowable drop between the panel and the last device on the circuit. Since, in this example, this has been wired as a Class "A" loop, the "last device" is that device on the "return side" just before the final run to the panel (I normally perform my voltage drop measurement from inside the panel when the last device is within thirty feet). The length of the two signal circuit runs in this building (and the anticipated current draw) requires the use of a heavier gauge wire and I would be surprised if the voltage drops on the signal circuits are within the specified parameters. If it's not? This must be flagged as a deficiency by the Verifier and corrected! TIP: Anyone engaged the sale of fire alarm system components in a contractor's local area should be ready to assist their customer with advice and instructive comments to ensure the Verification of the installed components goes off without a hitch. Furthermore, as a Verifier, you cannot "overlook" such obvious deficiencies as a favour to your customer. Such an obvious divergence from the applicable Standards (even if it's "well intentioned") will eventually come back to "bite you". 56. How often must a fire alarm system be tested in BC (British Columbia)? The Inspection Standard for Fire Alarm Systems (CAN/ULC-S536-04) identifies three periodic tests which every fire alarm system IN CANADA must undergo. Most Provincial/Territorial Fire Codes will no doubt reference these tests as well. THE DAILY TEST involves a visual inspection of the fire alarm system's "common trouble" and "power on" indicators. If you're a building owner or manager you should also be performing your daily inspection as outlined in the building's Fire Safety Plan. THE MONTLY TEST requires that a manual pull station be activated (on a "rotational basis") and that all the audible alarm signals in the building sound. The appropriate zone indicator lamp must also illuminate at both the common control and any remote annunciators. In addition, the stand-by batteries must be inspected. This may require the removal of the panel dead front to access (which we have addressed in a previous FAQ). If the building is equipped with fire phones and an emergency paging system, one circuit from each system must also be tested on a "rotational basis". It's recommended that all of these tests be performed concurrently to the monthly emergency generator and building fire pump tests in accordance with the requirements of the building's Fire Safety Plan. In most cases the building owner or manager can perform and document these tests. NOTE: Building owners and managers are also required to fill out another testing form called the Building Monthly Test Form (in accordance with the published Fire Safety Plan). A sample of this document can be viewed HERE (provided courtesy of Ace Fire Prevention Ltd.) THE ANNUAL TEST involves a detailed test of every device in the fire alarm system and requires the services of a qualified technician to carry out. 57. Is there anything illegal about replacing components in an existing fire alarm system with previously used parts? (What's ULC's position about repairing fire alarm systems with used parts?) I can't speak to the second question because I don't represent ULC, but I can speak to the issue of employing parts harvested from a fire alarm panel for use in another (of similar model and manufacture). There are several provisos that we must address in order to properly answer this question. First of all, you must realize that it is illegal for anyone other than manufacturer trained personnel to make board level repairs. In other words you cannot under any circumstances replace soldered components that form (or make up) a common control mother board or any plug-in modules, rail expanders, or chassis. Such repairs can only be conducted at the factory under the strictest supervision and control. There are many instances where fire service providers can successfully harvest plug-in modules and circuit boards from an old system for re-use in another - the most obvious being where a building owner has elected to upgrade to a new system and scrap the existing unit. Many plug in modules may in fact still function adequately and the prudent service provider will stockpile those parts. The difficulty here is that replacing one non-functional part with a previously used FUNCTIONAL module could also entail providing the customer with a warranty on the repair (this is where YOU assume some risk as well). How much of one and what cost to charge is often predicated on what a new (or factory reconditioned) part is worth. You certainly can't charge the cost of a new part for an old! In some instances, failure of one module on an old system will often be followed by more and at some time the service agency must make a determination as to what's in the customer's best interests. Remember also, that replacement of a module (whether it's old or new) often entails other expenses that might involve additional labour for Verification and related testing. NOTE: If you suspect that a common control board has been repaired, you must ensure that this has been done by the manufacturer before you can tag off on the system. The building owner should be able to provide you with documentation that will verify the board's (or plug-in component's) pedigree. If that doesn't satisfy these conditions, you must make appropriate remarks in your report and on your service tag. 58. Does a fire alarm communicator have to be serviced with a dedicated telephone line? Modern technology says "no" (properly installed equipment has the ability to seize the telephone line for the exclusive use of the communicator), but the Standards and Codes state that a dedicated line MUST be provided. Two separate and diverse technologies must also be employed to transmit the signals to the receiving centre (the alternative is to utilize a communicator which uses Active Communication technology). Dual line digital communicators are no longer allowed in Canada (for new installations) and many have been delisted by ULC. A number of units are "grandfathered", however no new certificates are going to be issued for these units. You can read more about this in our TIP example. 59. What is the allowable distance between power and nonpower (limited) cables? Inside most fire alarm control panels, manufacturers stipulate that you must maintain a 2.5" (10cm) separation. Most manufacturers provide conduit entry points for AC power and field wiring for signal, indicating, and data circuits. If the conduit entries haven't been die cut into the back-box, then you'll find the necessary details in the installation manual. It's important for any installer to familiarize him/herself with the manufacturer's installation guide to ensure optimal performance of the equipment they're setting up. You can also reference another FAQ on this subject HERE. 60. On an annual fire alarm test (to Canadian Standard CAN/ULC-S536-04), is it permissible to skip devices that are either hard to reach or inaccessible for other reasons (i.e. a tenant in a multi-residential occupancy refuses access or isn't home)? Definitely not. There is no provision in the standard that allows a technician this sort of leeway with the exception of extremely high devices (which might require specialized equipment to access), and dangerous industrial processes like those found in processing plants, reactors, factories, and the like (you must document the testing dates for these devices and they must be accessed every two years). Elevator shaft devices don't count as access can be easily arranged with a qualified elevator technician for the day of the annual test. Inaccessibility to a residential suite may involve an additional expense to the tenant that refused access or to the building owner if proper notices weren't given. 61. Can 120 VAC power for a fire alarm system be run in the same 1/2" conduit as the AC power for a security system or ULC Listed fire alarm communicator? Definitely. You are limited to the fill percentage for the EMT so you have to keep in mind that if you're pulling 12AWG wires (which most manufacturers recommend for AC Power on a fire alarm system), you could wind up a little "tight" if it's only 1/2" conduit that your working with. Remember, AC power for the fire alarm system must be supplied by a dedicated circuit. If you're installing a ULC listed communicator it must also be powered by a dedicated circuit (that is independent of the fire alarm system's disconnecting means). 62. If you're replacing a smoke detector in a residential apartment, would you recommend staying with the original ionization type or go with the compatible photo-electric one? The debate over smoke detector technologies continues to rage, but in most instances at the time the building is constructed it all comes down to one thing. Ionization detectors are the most prevalent ones you'll find because, historically, they've been the cheaper alternative that meet the requirement of the Building Code for "automatic detection". Are they always the best choice? I don't believe so, and the evidence that supports this opinion is almost overwhelming. To provide the "best practice" answer, however, there are several things to consider that will help you to make an informed decision as to which technology to choose. You have to be familiar with the building's construction. You have to survey the interior fittings and finishing in order to be able to determine what kind of smoke particulate is going to be generated in a potential fire situation. That means you're going to have to be pretty knowledgeable about the "chemistry" of a fire and how the two detection technologies cope with the vastly different products of combustion. Now, if, after careful consideration, you've determined the best choice is "photo-electric" and the predominant technology in the building is "ionization", the building owner may be looking at expending considerable financial resources for the kind of "upgrade" you're proposing. Even doing it piece-meal (replacing one or two detectors at a time) may not be an option because you also have to keep in mind that many fire alarm manufacturers specify that you can't mix technologies on the same conventional input circuit. NOTE: What should you do if you feel the protection provided by the technology choice that's in the building you're servicing is inadequate? Note it on your inspection report or work order, ensure you make the appropriate WRITTEN recommendation to the building owner, and provide a copy to your local fire department's fire prevention office. If you're involved in Verifying new construction, you have a good deal more input into which technology is being utilized. Hopefully you'll be in on the project early enough to make the appropriate recommendation to the design engineer and electrical contractor. 63. How do you make a UDACT work with VOIP (or digital telephone) service? There are more than a few installers who've become frustrated with the limitations imposed by Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) telephone service and some of the older style UDACTS and stand-alone digital communicators. Typically, SIA or CID (two of the most common communication methods) have difficulty dealing with digital phone lines. Sometimes even the stand-by voltage supplied by the telephone modem is insufficient for the communicator to sense a dial tone. An easy fix entails using an older style communications format like "4-2". You can overcome the dial tone issue by "forcing" the UDACT to dial after a few seconds delay. Consult the programming manual to determine how to achieve this. Alternatively you can use one of the new IP communicators (which will entail "splitting" the incoming cable signal for the premises VOIP telephone line). CAUTION! Your typical VOIP modem has limited stand-by capacity in the event of a power failure. In this case, the "fixes" suggested above will prove insufficient as most Authorities recognize the limitations of the service and will NOT accept it. The primary communication method used by any UDACT communicator must be capable of providing service for the mandatory supervisory and alarm events period specified by Code. You may have to revert to "POTS" or an active communications service in order to achieve this. 64. I know that smoke and heat detectors cannot be painted (for obvious reasons), but the building I'm inspecting has bells, insuite buzzers, and end-of-line resistor plates painted to match the surrounding wall surfaces. One bell is even covered with the same wallpaper as the wall. Should I pass these devices or should they be replaced? Good question! Any fire alarm device which has the notation "Do Not Paint" clearly marked on its surface (and readily visible) must be replaced if it has, in fact, been painted or otherwise altered from the condition it was in when it was newly installed. With respect to the painting of fire bells (or covering them with wallpaper), you are in fact altering their sound characteristics and could even affect the units audibility level (not to mention you'd paint over the UL/ULC label which would invalidate this device's listing). This cost must be covered by the individual that authorized the painting. If it's in an apartment suite, then the tenant/owner bears the responsibility for its replacement (if it can be determined that they actually instigated it). If a painting contractor is involved, then they should definitely have known better (and should bear the responsibility in this case)! 65. Alberta requires that the Design Engineer be involved in the fire alarm Verification. Does this not conflict with the requirements of the Standard for Verification of Fire Alarm Systems (CAN/ULC-S537-04)? Another good question! Most definitely the provision in Alberta's STANDATA represents what appears on the surface to be a radical departure from the intent of the Verification Standard. Alberta remains the ONLY Provincial jurisdiction that actually requires the Design Engineer to participate in the Verification process. However, if you examine the intent of the specific Code requirement, you will also notice that the Engineer's role forms part of the final acceptance of the system and that a "third party" Verifier is still involved. To my way of thinking this is no different than an electrical contractor providing personnel to assist in the Verification. The fact that the Verification documents that are finally submitted also include the Engineer's seal is, in my opinion, simply another safeguard designed to ensure the system fully complies with the Installation and Verification Standards, the Canadian Electrical Code, and the Building Code. Is Alberta's "system" any more fool proof than what's in place in other Provincial jurisdictions? The onus to ensure the equipment is installed in accordance with all of the aforementioned requirements falls on the independent Verifier, and that dear Reader, still has the potential to lead to a "royal cock-up". 66. When did CAN/ULC-S537-04 (Canadian Fire Alarm Verification Standard) or CAN/ULC-S536-04 (Canadian Inspection Standard for Fire Alarm Systems) actually come into effect? The latest of ANY Standard comes "into effect" with the publication of the newest Code release. In British Columbia, both the BC Building Code and the BC Fire Code were substantially amended in 2006. This would make the "04" edition of CAN/ULC-S537 (CAN/ULC-S536) the one to go on. The Installation Standard wasn't issued until the Fall of 2006 which makes the "01" version of CAN/ULC-S524 the one that's most likely referenced. I think you'll find that most Authorities however, have adopted the "06" version regardless (at least those that I've spoken to). In most cases, the fire alarm will have gone through a design process which always requires the involvement of a Professional Engineer who will ultimately determine which Installation Standard the proposed system (or upgrade) will follow. You should check with the local Authority Having Jurisdiction to see which version of this particular Standard they're going to be referencing. UPDATE: Ontario has amended their Building Code to include CAN/ULC-S524-06 as the installation reference for fire alarm systems. So far this is the only Canadian Jurisdiction to have actually gone on record. 67. What does it mean when a fire alarm system is operating in "degraded mode"? This refers to when the interconnection between the individual fire alarm panels on a networked system is broken (or interrupted) so that the panels are functioning in "stand alone" mode. This is a key test to ensure that the fire alarm panel servicing an area of the building will still perform its programmed functions (sound local signals, home elevators, shut down fans, etc.) should an interruption of the intercommunications loop occur. If a Class "A" circuit is employed this test will ensure that the individual fire alarm panels on the network are still able to communicate with each other on "both sides" of the loop. 68. Can you program a fire alarm UDACT to communicate with a personal cellular telephone? Yes you could, but NO, you won't be allowed to, for two reasons: 1. The method is not an approved alternative to the requirement that any jurisdictional authority (in Canada) has in place for the transmission of alarm signals from listed control equipment. CAN/ULC-S561 is the Reference Standard. 2. Your cell phone is incapable of transmitting the proper tones for the UDACT to achieve "kiss off" (the term used in the industry to describe the primary function of the communicator to relay alarm information to a special receiver via a series of tones). If you did manage to find the right combination of key strokes that would initiate communications, the resulting burst of signals from the UDACT would be meaningless to you. You wouldn't know if it was a "trouble", "alarm", or the programmed twenty-four hour "test". Without "kiss off", the communicator will make several attempts to reach a recognized receiver tone after which it will "shut down" and go into local "trouble mode". 69. Can end-of-line resistors (for multiple circuits in a room or area) be mounted in one box? What's the maximum mounting height for an end-of-line resistor plate? We'll reference the definitive answer in CAN/ULC-S524-06 (Canadian Installation Standard for Fire Alarm Systems) Section 5.13 "End-of-Line Devices" Sentence 5.13.1 reads: "End-of-line devices for electrical supervision shall be located in a separate enclosure, installed less than 1800 mm above finished floor level measured from the centre of the end-of-line device, and located beyond the last device in the circuit or terminated in a control unit or transponder." From my perspective, the interpretation of this sentence is pretty clear. The Standard assumes that the end-of-line device is mounted on an approved and Listed plate but also allows for it to be installed inside either the common control or related transponder enclosure. Further clarification isn't provided but as a Verifying Agency I would accept termination on a proper terminal block affixed to the inside of either of the aforementioned equipment housings. The only other exception to mounting the end-of-line resistor on a plate is Sentence 5.13.2: "End-of-line devices for one field device on a circuit may be located within that field device." 70. When you're upgrading a fire alarm system from a conventional control and devices to a fully addressable system (with analogue devices), do you have to follow today's fire code to ensure everything passes? Believe it or not, I get asked this question a lot (it's often phrased a little differently though). When a building owner decides to upgrade the fire alarm system, a number of code provisions and requirements "kick in". The "Fire Code" (Provincial or National) doesn't dictate installation requirements. That falls under the auspices of the Building Code as well as CAN/ULC-S524 (Installation Standard for Fire Alarm Systems). The "short answer" is, "yes". Any devices you install will have to meet both of the aforementioned requirements, but in the case of a voluntary upgrade, additional provisions may also come into play. For instance: Some municipal regulators will "allow" a straight equipment swap without regard to detector spacing or placement. You'll have to check with your local authority. You can also review an example of what the City of Vancouver has to say on the subject in their Bulletin 2006-004 BU/EL. 71. How long is a RED TAG good for? A RED TAG applied to any fire protection equipment is a clear indication that its function has been dangerously impaired (or that it may, in fact, not work at all). A RED TAG can only be removed if the equipment has been restored to a fully operational condition. 72. How do you properly connect two fire alarm panels together? LARGE NETWORK SYSTEMS will usually require two conductor twisted shielded cable in a Class "A" configuration. We would suggest that hooking TWO CONVENTIONAL PANELS together so that they monitor each other for "trouble", "supervisory" and "alarm" conditions (all of which are required under the present Building Code) requires two separate runs of five conductor cables. You'll also require two spare initiating zones and unused alarm/trouble relay contacts in each common control. Mark each five conductor cable end with "FA Interconnect-A" and "FA Interconnect-B" respectively. At the designated "B" panel, remove the end of line resistors from the two spare zones. The fire alarm should indicate a "trouble" condition on both zones. Take the "A" cable and connect the red and black wires to the first spare zone (this will become "A Panel Alarm"). Connect the blue and brown wires (of the same cable "A") to the second spare zone (this will become "A Panel Supervisory"). Reserve the green. Now connect the "B" cable red and black wires to the "common" and "normally open" terminals of the free "alarm" relay. Take one of the end-of-line resistors you removed from the "A" panel spare initiating zone and connect one end to the "common" terminal of the free "trouble" relay. Connect the other end of the resistor to the "normally closed" terminal of the "alarm" relay. Connect the "normally open" terminal of the alarm relay to the "normally closed" terminal of the "trouble" relay with a short piece of wire. Take the blue and brown wires from "B" cable and connect them to the "common" and "normally open" terminals of the "supervisory relay". Connect the second "A" panel end of line resistor between the "normally open" and "normally closed" terminals of the same "supervisory relay". At the designated "A" panel, the fire alarm should indicate a "trouble" condition on both "spare" zones (you have relocated the end-of-line resistors to the "B" panel). Take the "B" cable and connect the red and black wires to the first spare zone (this will be designated "B Panel Alarm"). The zone trouble will clear when "B" panel is restored to normal "trouble free" conation. Take the brown and blue "B" wires and connect them to the second spare zone ("B Panel Supervisory"). This zone trouble should clear. Now take the red and black wires from designated "A" cable and connect them to the "common" and "normally open" terminals of the free "alarm" relay. Connect one of the "B" panel end-of-line resistors to the "common" terminal of the the "trouble" relay. Connect the other end of the end-of-line resistor to the "normally closed" terminal of the "alarm" relay. Connect a short piece of wire between the "alarm" "normally open"and "trouble" "normally closed" terminals. Connect the remaining "A" cable blue and brown wires to the "common" and "normally open" terminals of the "supervisory" relay. Connect the last "B" panel end-of-line resistor between the "normally open" and "normally closed" terminals of the same relay. We've provided a diagram (they say a picture's worth a thousand words, after all):
Both panels should now be trouble free. If they're not, check that you've connected everything as noted above. If the terminal blocks on either panel's "alarm", trouble" or "supervisory" relays are of the "unpluggable" variety, removing any one block will cause a "trouble" condition to appear on both panels. What do you do with the two pairs of "green" wires left? Terminate them to the respective panel ground, of course. Resetting after an alarm event is fairly simple. Most modern panels allow you to "bypass" or "disable" the alarm relays. You'll have to do this on only one of the panels (the one that initiated the alarm). Reset the "follower" first, then come back to reset and re-enable the alarm relay on the initiating panel. Don't forget, your work may require you to pull proper permit(s) (check with your local jurisdictional authority) and must be verified to CAN/ULC-S537! 73. I'm testing a building with System Sensor C2W-BA smoke detectors installed. Does observation of the LED flash pattern and comparing it to the table in the installation instructions constitute "Sensitivity Testing" as defined in the Standard? Yes. Section 5.7.4.1.6 of CAN/ULC-S536-04 (5.4.1.6 of CAN/ULC-S537-04) states: "Acceptable methods of determining the smoke detector sensitivity are: A) Manufacturer's recommended test instrument, equipment, or method;..." The key word in this sentence is "method". 74. When is a Verification Required? When-ever a new fire alarm system is installed is the "simple" answer, but there are many more instances where a Verification is required. When-ever you make a material change or alteration to an existing fire alarm system a Verification must follow. This includes changing a defective field device with a new one, adding a new field device, changing out a remote annunciator, common control, or power supply. If you replace a card or plug-in board in the common control any affected circuits MUST be verified. When changing a defective field device where wiring is not disturbed or has to be disconnected (as is the case with smoke and heat detectors that incorporate "plug-in" style bases), an actual report documenting the Verification isn't required. In all other instances, you must follow the procedures outlined in Section 6 of CAN/ULC-S537-04 without exception. 75. What are the ULC standards for the time delay on a flow switch? The ULC Standard we have to reference to answer this question is CAN/ULC-S524-06 (Installation Standard for Fire Alarm Systems). Sentence 5.3.2 states: "Waterflow devices incorporating an adjustable time delay shall be set with a sufficient delay not exceeding 90 s to reduce the possibility of a false indication (e.g. caused by water hammer)." The single letter "s" refers to "seconds". 76. Can an underground pipe line be used for fire fighting in areas where the temperature is below -40 degrees? All water supplies used for fire fighting purposes must be protected from freezing. Underground services (when installed in accordance with local Codes and Ordinances) should be able to meet this criteria. Discharging a large quantity of water in temperatures this low may create other hazards you'll have to deal with. Fighting a fire on a "skating rink" may prove to be an interesting challenge, for one. 77. Can a City (or local municipal authority) RED TAG fire alarm wiring? Most definitely, yes! If a wiring fault (or deficiency) is discovered during a routine "pre-cover" electrical inspection, it will have to be rectified by the electrical contractor and could be easily accomplished at this stage of the construction (before the wall-board is put up). If a wiring fault is discovered after the building's electrical permit has been "signed off", it will more than likely be expensive to fix (because wall and ceiling spaces/cavities will have to be re-accessed). The electrical contractor who performed the work will likely be "on the hook" for the repair under the terms of the warranty he must provide the building owner/primary contractor. 78. Who can certify/test emergency light packs in Vancouver? In the Lower Mainland, many communities (including Vancouver) have adopted by-laws which formally require ASTTBC Registered Fire Protection Technicians to service life safety equipment which happens to include emergency light packs. The current list of municipalities that require ASTTBC technicians can be reviewed HERE. 79. How do I connect a disconnected fire alarm speaker in my apartment? You don't! Unless you're a trained fire alarm technician capable of performing the required Verification on the affected circuit, you cannot perform service of any kind on a life safety system. While the hookup might appear "easy", it's best to contact the building's fire equipment service provider through your property or building manager. If you happen to be the individual that disconnected the speaker in the first place, you could face some very serious repercussions. Tampering with life safety equipment could result in criminal charges or a hefty fine (depending on the mood of the local authority). At the very least, the building's management could require you to pay the cost of repairing the equipment. 80. What's the maximum allowable mounting height for a fire alarm control panel? For the answer to this question, we'll have to refer to two (2) versions of the same ULC Installation Standard (CAN/ULC-S524), "-01" and "-06" (even though they both say essentially the same thing). Some Provincial Building Codes may reference the former, while at least one (Ontario) has been amended to include the latter (the City of Surrey, British Columbia also references the "06" version of the Standard). In the first one, Sentence 4.1.2 states: "The top of the control unit or transponder shall be not more than 2400 mm above the finished floor level. Legend or operation controls shall be not more than 1800 mm above the finished floor level." In the "06" version of the same Standard, Sentence 4.1.2 reads: "The top of control units and transponders shall be not more than 2400 mm above the finished floor level." and Sentence 4.1.3 adds: "Legend or operating controls shall be not more than 1800 mm above the finished floor level." 81. Are you allowed to run fire alarm input and output circuits in same conduit (or wire raceway)? Yes. With a few provisos (outlined in Section 3.4 of the Installation Standards, the salient points of which follow). They must be of a similar voltage and meet the requirement of Sentence 3.4.3 of CAN/ULC-S524-06 (Sentence 3.4.1 of CAN/ULC-S524-01). "Where wires for multiple circuits are installed in the same raceway or wiring compartment, the induced voltage or current of one circuit shall not adversely affect the operation of another circuit." You are also restricted from running initiation and signaling circuits in the same cable assembly. 82. What part of a network configuration limits the number of valid addresses? The number of valid addresses on a data communication loop is determined by the capacity of the control panel's loop controller. Some manufacturers (like Mircom and Potter for instance) have a 99 address limit. That means you can program 99 points into each DCL (or SLC) loop. FireLite and Notifier have panels that can handle up to 199 addresses on each loop controller (the MS-9600 can be configured to handle over 600 points). In large scale network configurations, you're limited by the total number of "Nodes" (or panels) the software can handle and the system has been designed for (with each Node supporting a fixed number of addressable points). 83. What does the phrase "status change confirmation" mean when testing smoke detectors? Many modern fire alarm systems are capable of employing something called "alarm verification". When enabled, this feature allows the fire alarm circuitry (or software) to discriminate between a high ambient particulate presence and actual "smoke". This can be accomplished in a number of ways, but most commonly by having two smoke detectors in the same area "alarm" within a specific time (or sequence). If only one does, the panel may actually indicate this condition by initiating a supervisory or "monitor" signal which will change to an alarm condition when the second alarm event threshold is sensed. Appendix "F" (Informative) of CAN/ULC-S537-04 states: "F1 Status change confirmation should be installed only under the following conditions: A The reduction of false alarms from smoke detectors generating spurious alarms. Such false alarms should be documented for submittal to the authority having jurisdiction as may be required; B The area being protected by the smoke detectors subject to the confirmation contains a "light" fire load and any combustion would be expected to produce a "slow rate of burn"; C Only smoke detectors should be subject to alarm confirmation. If other initiating devices are present on the same wiring circuit or zone as smoke detectors, the circuit should be arranged to override the confirmation function and provide an immediate alarm; and D The application of the status change confirmation circuit is accepted by the authority having jurisdiction." 84. Do you have to be CFAA certified to work on a fire alarm system? That depends on what kind of "work" you're performing. To service, maintain, install, or repair a fire alarm system, you should be qualified if you are a licensed electrical contractor with a valid Provincial TQ. Some jurisdictions will insist that individuals servicing (specifically programming) fire alarm systems be "manufacturer trained" (or employed) to do so (and some require valid CFAA registration). Ontario will allow CFAA Certified Technicians to service and repair fire alarm equipment as long as the work doesn't involve running new (or replacing) cable and the system they're working on meets the definition of "low voltage". Alberta is still issuing "P" numbers and many jurisdictions there require a valid "P" ticket, AFSA or CFAA Membership in order to perform service or repair. Most provincial jurisdictions require valid CFAA membership, while many in the Lower Mainland (B. C.) have adopted By-Laws that require only ASTTBC registered technicians, to perform annual testing of fire alarm systems and related life safety equipment. My best answer? Check with your local AHJ before you commence any "work" on fire alarm or life safety equipment! 85. How many devices can be "T" tapped on a fire alarm system? First of all, a "T" tap is a type of connection in which more than two wires are joined at the same terminal (or wire nut). A "T" tap is essentially a "parallel" type of connection and that means that this question actually has two answers. On a conventional system - NONE. On an addressable system - Check the manufacturer's installation instructions. Many will limit the number of "T" taps allowed on a single circuit and may impose additional constraints as well. When in doubt, "RTFM" (Read the Freakin' Manual")! 86. What conditions must be met when performing testing on a fire alarm system that is monitored? You can reference page two of both the fire alarm annual test report and the fire alarm verification report here. You can find a detailed explanation of the functional testing which SHOULD be performed on the communicator here. 87. What testing should be done before field wiring is terminated in a fire alarm panel? Excellent question! The answer doesn't depend on whether you're terminating field wiring to a new installation or adding to an existing fire alarm system either, and furthermore, I figure that if you have to ask this question, you're not as familiar with the process as you should be and had better remain under expert supervision until you're confident enough with the process to fly on your own. Keep in mind that what I'm about to relate is very "general" in scope (the manufacturer may have some additional procedures you must employ before you put juice to the panel). The most important test is the one that ensures the fire alarm system is "normal" in all respects. On a new system (particularly an unprogrammed addressable one), this may prove to be somewhat challenging to the uninitiated. You should be familiar enough with the common control display to tell whether the system has booted normally. If you've placed end-of-line resistors across the NAC circuits, you should wind up with a "local configuration error" caused by unprogrammed devices and attached expansion boards. Once the latter have been enrolled in the system, you should have as close to a "normal display" as you can get without having programmed any addressable field devices. Conventional Panels: On a conventional panel, I would suggest leaving the end of line resistors in place across both the input and output zones. Before you power up, you should ensure you've configured everything for operation with all the appropriate jumpers installed (or removed) and any mechanical dip switches set. There may be some additional minor settings that require adjustment or programming, but once the system has been stabilized in the "normal" condition, you should have a green "AC ON" lamp illuminated along with any appropriate LCD/LED "system normal" display. Try shorting a few initiating zones and observing the responses of the panel. The appropriate alarm, supervisory or trouble relays should change state and the panel status should also change accordingly. Removing an end-of-line resistor should provide a "trouble" response. Grounding one side of any initiating or notification circuit should give you a "ground fault" trouble. Once you have determined that the panel is functioning normally in all respects, you can move on to terminating your field wiring. Before you do however, you should make sure that you're reading the appropriate end-of-line resistance on each incoming wiring pair. You should also check for anything unusual on the field wiring (such as voltage where there shouldn't be). More than one electrical apprentice has accidentally terminated an AC power circuit into a common control (in addition to the one required for the system's operation). You don't want to connect 110VAC to an input or NAC circuit! While you're checking the field wiring for resistance, you can also check for grounds on each circuit. Once you've determined that all is clear, you can start connecting each incoming wire to the appropriate zone terminals. Do this with the panel "hot" so you can pick up on any irregularities right away (devices with reversed polarities, for instance). This last bit also serves to remind me that you should ensure any attached field devices have been properly terminated (nothing is more bothersome than to have one device on a circuit with reversed polarity). Addressable Systems: The "DCL" (or "SLC") loop wiring interconnects all of the addressable devices on the system. The main difference between these types of systems and the conventional wired panel is that end-of-line devices aren't commonly seen (except on actual input modules or home-run NAC circuits). You should still check for shorts across the loops, however. You should test any NAC circuits the same way I've outlined for conventional panels. Also make sure you don't have any grounded wires and, on SLC loop wiring that employs a shield, make sure there's no continuity between the shield drain wire and the system ground or loop wiring. A quick way to test the integrity of the shield in the whole system is to short the shield wire at the last device in the circuit to one of the loop wires and then test for continuity (use the common loop wire because it's normally a "straight through" connection). If your meter reads "open", your shield is not contiguous. 88. Who can legally perform an annual fire alarm test (to CAN/ULC-S536-04)? For the definitive answer to this question, let's start by referencing the Standard itself, which states: "APPENDIX A (INFORMATIVE) - QUALIFIED PERSONNEL A1 Any person who performs the annual test and inspection of a fire alarm system should be knowledgeable about this Standard and have received suitable formal training or sufficient experience acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction." There's that phrase again (it's also found in the CAN/ULC-S537-04 Verification Standard): "suitable formal training or sufficient experience acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction". Notice what it doesn't say. It doesn't say you have to be a CFAA Certified or an ASTTBC Registered Technician. The Standard leaves the final "say" to the local AHJ. In several Provinces and Territories in Canada, these individuals are often not in a position to properly evaluate a technician's capabilities or skill set. A suitable "yard stick" has been found in the certification and training requirements established by the two aforementioned professional associations. My best answer: Contact your local Authority Having Jurisdiction and request their qualification criteria. 89. How many fire alarm speakers need to be verified when expanding a circuit? I just love the easy answers! All of the speakers in the affected circuit will have to be verified. Section 6 of the Verification Standard deals with something called "System Modifications". CAN/ULC-S537-04 Sentence 6.4 reads: "Where a conventional field device is added, or modifications or deletions are made to an existing input circuit or output circuit, and the new, modified or altered wiring is extended from a junction box, all devices served by that circuit shall be verified in accordance with this Standard." 90. What guidance is available for the routine maintenance of fire protection systems? or Where can I find information regarding the required maintenance of building fire protection equipment? Check out our Library (it's open to all)! 91. Can a fire alarm system annunciator be installed outside on an exterior wall (in Canada)? Most definitely! A number of manufacturers provide ULC Listed weather-proof heated enclosures for use in outside environments. Always exercise the appropriate cautions (and some common sense) if you're faced with the requirement to do so. Keep in mind that the annunciator has to be visible (and readable) to the responding authority. I've seen many instances where they have been mounted on a south facing wall and daylight (and sunlight) conditions make them extremely difficult to read. What often happens is that exposure to the sun's U/V rays tends to fade labels at an accelerated rate as well. It is for this reason that you would want to ensure that the unit is sheltered from the elements as much as possible. Covered walk-ways or cupolas with lots of shade make ideal applications. Where you have extremes in temperature, it might also be wise to supervise the output of the power supply for the annunciator heater. Most often this is a 24VAC transformer. Keep in mind that the installation Standard (CAN/ULC-S524-06) requires that listed fire alarm controls and annunciators be maintained in a very specific temperature range (10 - 30 degrees C). 92. What temperature rating should a sprinkler head have that’s going to be installed in a dry sauna? Good question! There are a number of articles to be found on line regarding this subject, most of which deal with avoiding an accidental discharge of water caused by both the higher ambient and the radically fluctuating temperatures encountered in this kind of application. All of them seem to agree that a 135 degree head poses an inherent discharge risk, but not one of the articles I read seems to address what I perceive to be a critical life safety aspect. A dry sauna employs an electrically operated heating element normally secured behind a grill to prevent a patron from accidentally burning themselves. In many instances the grill actually allows you to see the element. Patrons are normally discouraged from placing wet towels or other objects on the grill and are definitely instructed never to throw water into it (in an attempt to produce steam). The typical dry sauna’s heating controller won’t allow the ambient temperature to exceed a certain level and normally operates in a “safe zone” of anywhere from 100 to 120 degrees (Fahrenheit). So what happens when someone throws water into the grill? Well, the heating element is very similar to what you would see on an electric stove top. The operating temperature of some elements could be as high as 600 degrees (Fahrenheit). Hot enough to ignite a paper cup or towel placed on the grill or instantly flash water dropped onto it into super-heated steam. I’m talking steam on the order of 400 degrees Fahrenheit or more! How does one balance the hazards posed by someone misusing the equipment (and possibly injuring themselves) with the operators who wish to minimize the attendant water damage posed by an accidental discharge of the sprinkler head? Employing a 200 degree head would provide such a balance. In the one article I read that actually recommended a rating for the sprinkler head (in this case 286 degrees) I found myself pondering the ramifications (liability wise) for the owner as well as the agency servicing the sprinkler system. The sudden flash of high temperature steam is going to set off higher rated unit regardless, but it will also allow the environment in the sauna to achieve a lethal state before it does. As an owner you would have to ask yourself: Would I prefer to clean up the damage related to a simple water discharge or would I rather run the risk of having a patron injure themselves (or die) and still be faced with cleaning the same amount of water? NOTE: Distance from the element/grill assembly and the sprinkler head should also be part of your considerations. 93. Does every device connected to a fire alarm system in Canada have to be ULC Listed? No. Not everything connected downstream of a fire alarm control (and which is part of a DESIGNED fire alarm system) must be ULC Listed. Many things connected to the relay outputs (often referred to as the "contractor terminals") don't have to be either listed or supervised. In many instances fire alarm systems are also monitoring (and controlling) things like fans (for stairwell pressurization or parkade exhaust), dampers, and sprinkler heat trace controllers (to name a few). The switches and relays that provide these (and other) specialized functions are often NOT ULC Listed (in Canada they are usually required to be CSA Listed though). Fire alarm DEVICES however (such as smoke detectors, heat detectors, manual stations, horns, bells, etc.) MUST be ULC Listed in Canada (UL in the US). 94. What causes a common trouble fault on an Edwards EST-3 panel? The Chubb Edwards EST-3 is a fully addressable fire alarm control that employs an LCD display (I think you'll find this is a common feature of addressable systems). When a "trouble" is indicated, a glance at the main display will more than likely identify the source. If the green "AC" power light is not illuminated, chances are power has been interrupted to the panel. A system "ground fault" will illuminate a dedicated LED on the main display as well as provide an indication on the LCD screen. For other "troubles", use the up and down "scroll" buttons to the right of the display to view individually identified "troubles" on the system. Keep in mind that a "trouble" indication is a very serious condition and that certain key elements of the life safety system could be compromised. Please ensure you notify appropriate service personnel to deal with the situation. 95. Do we need to install heat tracing on fire sprinkler valves? Sprinkler valves must be installed in an area (or room) that is protected from freezing. Some local authorities take it a step further and insist that the temperature inside a valve room has to be supervised for circumstances where ambient conditions can fall below 10 degrees Celsius. This means the fire alarm system must display a latching supervisory fault to alert the building occupants of dangerously low temperatures in the sprinkler room. In some instances, it has been deemed "acceptable" to protect remote isolation valves (located in an unheated parkade) with heat tracing (as long as a proper controller is employed and is being monitored by the building's fire alarm system). CHECK WITH YOUR LOCAL AHJ! 96. Is it permissible to reset a fire alarm system from an off-site location (through downloading or other means of remote access)? Most definitely NOT! Some fire alarm systems employ the ability to remotely download an activity log (to aid in troubleshooting a problem) or make changes (or additions) to the configuration software. In the latter instance, the download must be initiated while a qualified technician is on site (to initiate the communication between the fire alarm panel and the remote site). Once the downloaded changes have been completed, the onsite technician's responsibilities include resetting the system and ensuring the panel's operation is properly tested/verified. 97. Is it permissible to use a "normally closed" switch to monitor a "trouble" or "supervisory" condition on a fire alarm system? Certainly. Many devices use a normally closed switch: cover tampers on listed sprinkler flow and pressure switches, damper position indicating switches, and valve tamper cords (in some sprinkler rooms), to name a few. In every case, however, the circuit is supervised by an end-of-line resistor which has some very specific installation requirements. Some older fire alarm panels are incapable of providing a latching supervisory signal which you will have to document if any changes or additions are made. 98. How many flow switches can be put on one fire alarm panel zone? Flow switches are a contact device and don't require power from the fire alarm system to operate like system smoke detectors do, for instance. Technically you're limited by the length of wire run and the maximum voltage drop allowed by the manufacturer to the end-of-line resistor (see our FAQ #24), but in practice, most fire departments (and the local authority) like to see each flow switch on its own zone. When a water-flow alarm is initiated, a number of Provincial Building Codes stipulate that a separate signal from the normal "common fire alarm" is generated to the Central Station. This alerts the responding authority to the fact that a sprinkler head is discharging (which usually means an actual fire has tripped it). In a multiple story building (or a large industrial/commercial complex) having specific zones identified on a readily accessible alarm annunicator will help reduce the time it takes for the fire fighters to pinpoint the fire's location and intercede to limit the resultant damage. 99. Will starting my pressurization fans set off my fire alarm? In most buildings which employ these types of fans, an "off normal" condition (ie. fan running) will result in a "trouble" indication at the fire alarm panel. The normal operation of exhaust fans shouldn't affect the panel, but moving any associated controller switch to the "run" or "off" position will result in a system "trouble". An alarm condition may be precipitated if the area in which the pressurization fan outlet is close to a system smoke detector and excessive dirt or dust gets blown around. It's probably a good idea to contact the monitoring station and alert the building's occupants before conducting any kind of testing involving the fire alarm system. 100. I am a fire alarm tech in Ontario and I am looking for clarification on the inspection requirements for a fire panel that controls a preaction/Inergen/FM200 system, in other words a special hazard system, that also ties in to a zone on a building's main fire alarm panel. Usually they are inspected semi-annually but not inspected on a monthly basis. As I continue to look through the applicable codes and standards I cannot find a reference that spells this out clearly. I understand that the normal practice is not to do a monthly test so that there is less chance that you may accidentally dump the special hazard system. Any help you can or your readers can offer would be greatly appreciated! The Canadian reference testing standard (CAN/ULC-S536-04) clearly states that the monthly testing must be performed on a fire ALARM system. A pre-action (or suppression system) that incorporates Inergen or FM-200 "clean agent" falls under NFPA 2001 (this includes the listed releasing panel at the "head end"). A monthly test, while not required under this standard, could be conducted in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 12A (Halon 1301 Suppression System Testing). This is more of a visual only inspection ensuring any nozzle caps are in place (check to see if the nozzle is blocked or damaged), and that door closure hardware into the protected space operates correctly. The six month test stipulates that the agent quantity and pressure in the cylinder is checked (NFPA 2001 4.1.3). The annual test (in addition to the full system test) should also include actual operation of the discharge head (if it's a solenoid release) - removal of which from the agent cylinder to prevent an actual discharge is, of course, standard procedure prior to conducting such a test (NFPA 2001 4.1.1). Hoses should be tested every five years (NFPA 2001 4.3.2.1). A discharge test is normally not required but the local authority can insist it be conducted if they suspect the size of the cylinder or changes in the environmental conditions within the protected space compromises the original operational design. I hope this helps! 101. Can a "UL" LIsted extinguisher be serviced in Canada? Interesting question. Technically "no" even though it's going to be serviced/inspected to the same standard US based fire service companies use (which happens to be NFPA 10). Believe it or not, this is a common problem we face in the Lower Mainland (Richmond, BC particularly since we're so close to the border). The issue is that we (technicians in Canada) can't service what we can't sell and if the fire safety equipment has a "UL" label, you can't sell it in any jurisdiction in Canada. If the extinguisher has a label with a "cUL" symbol, it would be perfectly acceptable for a Canadian company to service it but the owner could still be faced with the possibility of the local US AHJ rejecting the tag and requiring the equipment to be re-certified. 102. It is my understanding that the BC Safety Authority quite clearly allows only certain qualified persons to perform work on electrical systems. In your opinion, how can an ASTT registered technician even touch electrical equipment? My understanding is that they are inspectors and inspectors only, and can not physically touch electrical components or conductors according to the authority. Does ASTTBC have anything to say about this? Comments? You are correct in the way you interpret the rules and regulations. When it comes to fire alarm system service, the BC Safety Authority (as do other provincial regulators) recognizes the difference between "installation" and "repair" (BCSA are also formulating plans to create a special class of FSR for individuals performing testing and verification of fire alarm systems). When that repair comprises a simple "replacement" of a LOW VOLTAGE fire alarm component, I don't think there is anyone more qualified than a properly trained fire alarm technician to facilitate the necessary troubleshooting and carry out the needed repair. When that technician also happens to be factory trained, he should be more than qualified to replace actual components in the fire alarm panel over that of someone with an electrical TQ and no formal training on the equipment (or access to the software if additional programming should become necessary as part of the replacement process). Notice how I've limited my answer to "replacement" and "repair" of existing components. If new wiring is to be installed (to replace a damaged run, for instance), or additional components are needed, then that would require employing a qualified electrical contractor and obtaining the proper permit(s). Replacement should also be limited to "like for like" (i.e. a smoke for a smoke, a pull station for a pull station, etc.). I draw the line at a physical control panel replacement if it involves replacement of the entire common control and the associated back box (which would probably entail re-routing of existing wiring). There are many qualified electrical contractors, some of whom work almost exclusively on fire alarm systems. There are also a greater number of contractors who would have difficulty in performing some of the more complex terminations and interconnections required in, say, a Simplex 4100U with full evac (and then only the very foolish would take on the risk of blowing components through an accidental crossed connection). Simplex, Edwards, Notifier, and Mircom all render technical assistance in these endeavours that I don't believe the Safety Authority would question. Granted, in this last example, such an installation would be completed under the supervision of a licensed electrical trades person which would also involve an electrical permit. CFAA obtained a ruling in Ontario that I believe should form the basis of nationwide common practice when it comes to actual service on fire alarm equipment. Right or wrong, it's something that no one here (in BC) has really bothered to challenge. For a more specific interpretation, you should contact Brian Stegavig at ASTTBC directly. 103. What is the relevant section of the BC Fire Code that deals with the maintenance and testing of fire alarm systems? That would be Division B - Part 6 and specifically 6.3.1.2 which is entitled "Inspection and Testing": 1) Fire alarm systems shall be inspected and tested in conformance with CAN/ULC-S536, "Inspection and Testing of Fire Alarm Systems". 2) Fire alarm and detection system components shall be accessible for purposes of inspection or maintenance. The last sentence speaks to the requirement that all devices in the building must be accessible (this includes suites in a residential structure). 104. How often should our fire pump be run? NFPA 20 requires fire pumps to be run on a weekly basis for a recommended period of thirty (30) minutes. You will require training on the proper procedure to follow (which may include resetting any supervisory conditions at the fire alarm control panel). Please contact your fire equipment service provider. 105. What fire alarm verification tests are required? The tests required depends on what is being verified and why. If it's a new fire alarm installation, then the answer is quite simply "everything". If it's an addition to the system (new initiating device or notification appliance) then Section 6 of the Standard applies. Regardless of what field device you're verifying you must ensure the control panel's power supply is up to the task (and while you're at it, feel free to comment on anything you might see that's out of the ordinary). As a verifier, your observations carry a great deal more weight and could provide helpful guidelines for the local AHJ to follow up on when the building owner is contemplating an upgrade. 106. What does the Manitoba Fire Code have to say about the monitoring of sprinkler systems? This question is actually answered in the Manitoba Building Code and because provincial codes emulate the National Building Code, I can safely point you to question 37 of our FAQ. 107. Does an isolation module go before or after the next floor? CAN/ULC-S524-06 states in clause 5.14.3: "Except as noted in Clause 5.14.4, fault isolation modules, shall be located in a separate enclosure, installed so as to be visible and accessible at all times, and located beyond the last device in the data communication link serving that floor area." (actual answer underlined for emphasis) So the answer is quite clear. It goes BEFORE the next floor area. There are a number of different configurations for the various wiring styles as well. These are outlined in the instructions accompanying the module (or in the fire alarm controls installation manual). 108. Why won't my addressable fire alarm panel restore properly after the smoke detector has been cleaned? It continues to show that the detector is dirty (or obscured). There are a number of reasons why the obscuration level of a smoke detector will remain on the high side (even after a cleaning). Residue on the transmitter (or receiver) or in a portion of the sensing chamber may not have been properly removed (or missed). The sensor itself could be faulty. Some systems may require you to reboot the software and not just perform a RESET. Consult your system's operations manual. 109. Can I be fired if I insist on testing a system in accordance with the Standard? I think this question stems from some of the new annual inspection requirements in CAN/ULC-S536-04 which I've outlined in question 29 of this FAQ. The sad truth is that you can be fired for any reason and at any time. Whether or not your employer is acting within the confines of either provincial or state laws is a matter for your local employment standards or labour relations bureau to determine. You have every right to request the reason for your dismissal be given to you in writing. Many provincial and state governments provide guidelines for employers with respect to terminating an employment contract. It's important for you to properly respond to every warning or disciplinary letter you receive so that you can document the chain of events that might lead to your dismissal. Needless to say, it would be extremely difficult for an employer to make a case for dismissing an employee that was following the requirements of an inspection standard or code in the course of their normal work day. This includes refusing to tag off on a system, component or equipment that you know to be installed or serviced incorrectly and for which your employer could be held liable to correct (even though a previous technician may have let it pass). NOTE: I would be extremely interested if something like this happens to any fire protection equipment technician. Please call or email me with the details! 110. Can I use UL Listed wire on a Canadian fire alarm installation? You can use UL Listed wire as long as it's also CSA Listed. One word of caution, however. UL Listed fire alarm cable typically does not have a ground wire (you can't order it in "18/3", "18/5", "18/7", etc.). 111. Do systems covered under CAN/ULC-S561 need to be verified (to CAN/ULC-S537)? No. CAN/ULC-S561 has its own testing criteria in Appendix "C". Normally, this should be all that is required to ensure that the equipment meets and is installed to this Standard. There are two ULC issued certificates which can be provided to the protected premises and which also attest to the equipment (and installation) meeting the former Standard mentioned in this question. In most cases, the issuance of either of these certificates may be mandated by the Building's Insurers. The most common is also called a "Shared Station Certificate". It lists the installing company/servicing agency (whose recorded certification level can be verified HERE) as well as the monitoring agency (or central station). It's valid for a period of five (5) years and provides space for the servicing agency to record the results of the required annual inspection. If the installation is into the second (or following) years and no technician initials or testing dates are recorded, the certificate is INVALIDATED. There are many communicator installations that meet all aspects of the actual standard but may NOT have a valid certificate issued by ULC (or that may have INVALIDATED certificates). Provincial Building Codes mandate the installation of a communicator (as well as the signal transmission means) that meets the criteria of CAN/ULC-S561 when it comes to the monitoring of building sprinkler and fire alarm systems. Many local authorities have no means of identifying a properly installed system unless either the appropriate Appendix "C" documentation or the ULC Certificate is provided (and even then there are systems which have valid certificates but fall far short of the Standard). If, during the course of a 536 or 537 inspection, you come across such a system and can recognize that the equipment has been installed correctly, can document its testing and function adequately, then you will have fulfilled your obligations under the fire alarm testing standards. You must, however, comment on any deviations you observe and submit them to the local jurisdictional authority so they can follow up as they see fit. NOTE: I have seen many ULC Certificated communicator installations that have been INVALIDATED through the lack of proper inspection by the Listed servicing agency. If signals are still being processed and responded to by the central station, then I would suggest you educate your customer as to the requirements of the certificate so that they can ensure they are receiving the level of service they are paying for (or can make alternate arrangements for the monitoring of the equipment). 112. Which floors (or areas) in a high-rise apartment building are required to have CO (Carbon Monoxide) detectors installed? In addition to any enclosed underground parkade, the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) Section 6.4.2 has mandated the installation of Carbon Monoxide detectors in any residential unit ( or apartment) that has a gas fired appliance or fire place. They have to be interconnected, AC Powered, installed inside the bedrooms as well as outside the bedrooms. 113. Can you be grandfathered to work on fire alarms? Every once in a while I actually have try and figure out what the person that wrote a question like this in their Browser's search bar was actually thinking. To "work on fire alarms" could have several different meanings. In Canada, to INSTALL a fire alarm system you have to be a licensed and TQ'd electrician. To SERVICE and TEST a fire alarm system (in most Canadian jurisdictions) you have to be able to demonstrate to the local jurisdictional authority that you are competent, trained, and familiar with the testing requirements. Usually valid CFAA certification is all that's required, but it's best to check first. British Columbia (for instance) uses a different certification model from other provinces. 114. Can I monitor my fire sprinkler system through a non-ULC (Listed) alarm system? Sprinkler system monitoring is covered in Question 37 above. Non-ULC Listed equipment used to transmit signals to the fire department will not satisfy the requirements of the Standard (in this case CAN/ULC-S561). You can try circumventing the Code, and while the required annual inspection for the sprinkler system may not uncover any inconsistencies (owing to the technician's lack of training or a deliberate omission), an observant building inspector or fire prevention officer could turn out to be very unpleasant individual to deal with! 115. How do you test for ground fault indication when doing an annual fire alarm inspection? In Canada, ground fault testing is usually performed at two locations. On a conventionally wired system, you have to short both sides of each initiating and indicating (NAC) circuit to ground. On an addressable system, you have to short both sides of the SLC (or addressable loop) to ground as well as any conventionally wired NAC's. The same test must be performed at each end-of-line device. 116. Can a supervisory sprinkler device be on the same zone or initiating circuit as a flow switch? Yes and no. On many older systems (typically installed before 1992) it was common practice to tie in the flow switch to the sprinkler valve that controlled the zone the switch monitored. In this instance, movement of the valve handle results in a local non-latching "trouble" on the fire alarm control. You will come across many such installations. Your testing of the circuit's operation must ensure that the alarm generated by the flow switch has priority over the trouble indication that the sprinkler valve will cause when it's moved from its normal position. To do this, partially close the valve and ensure a "trouble" condition annunciates, then initiate your standard flow test. Modern building codes require a separate latching supervisory signal manifest on the fire alarm control for any "off normal" condition of a sprinkler valve. This is often easily achieved when an addressable alarm system is employed. In this instance, it's easy to add as many supervisory initiating modules as may be required to meet the design criteria or that of the local AHJ (a conventionally wired alarm system will require a wire pair home run to the common control for each valve or device). 117. How often must fire extinguishers be inspected (in Canada)? According to the Canadian National Fire Code (which is adopted both Provincially and Territorially), extinguishers must be inspected as part of a monthly safety regimen (usually by the individual designated as a building's Fire Safety Officer), as well as yearly (normally performed by a trained technician as it requires affixing a new service tag to the unit). A currently dated tag (and attendant report) witnesses the fact that the extinguisher has been inspected in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 10 (which the Fire Code also refers to). 118. In Canada, is a ground wire required on a fire alarm system in which rigid EMT (conduit) is used? Every fire alarm device back box must be individually bonded to ground. A ground wire is therefore, required. Fire alarm cable sold in Canada always has an odd number of conductors in the jacket (i.e. 3, 5, 7, 9, etc.). Canadian Electrical Code Section 32-104 also stipulates that only copper conductors be used for bonding, so this automatically rules out the use of bare conduit. No exceptions! NOTE: If, during the course of a Verification, you come across a situation where no bonding conductor has been provided, you must note this as an installation deficiency! 119. Can green wire be used to connect fire alarm circuits? Yes. You must adhere to the manufacturer's suggested wire type and gauge. No one cares if it's purple, pink, puce, or that pukey green colour that used to adorne the sides of the old Edwards vans. Green wire is normally associated with "ground wire" though. Personally, I would tend to avoid using it for that reason (it's too easy to get confused in some of the smaller enclosures). 120. Is there a fine for pulling (manually initiating) a prank fire alarm? Each province and local jurisidiction has formulated their own specific response to what's termed "vandalism" of a fire alarm or life safety system. The fines can vary from $500.00 to as much as $5000.00 and can also include a term of imprisonment for up to ninety (90) days. In addition, you may be liable to receive a fine (or official warning) if you deliberately silence or reset a fire alarm that has activated without receiving permission from the fire department. 121. Is it legal to connect two fire alarm communicators on the same telephone line? No. In Canada, this would not only violate CAN/ULC-S561 (Installation and Services for Fire Signal Receiving Centres and Systems), it may even compromise the ability of the second communicator to transmit trouble, supervisory and alarm signals (or interfere with the signal transmission of either connected unit). 122. What is the maximum wire length you can run to and from a smoke detector in the same conduit? On a Class "B" loop you're pretty well restricted to the recommended wire length for the gauge you're using stipulated in the wiring "table" most manufacturer's provide in their installation instructions. Keep in mind the table they provide is based on the minimum gauge used in the run (even if what you're pulling is heavier). On a Class "A" loop, the rules are a bit more restrictive. CAN/ULC-S524-06 allows you to install both the primary and alternate wiring for a smoke detector in the same conduit as long as the room the detector(s) serves is less than 100 square meters in size. There are a couple of additional exceptions to the rule all of which are illustrated in the section entitled "FIGURES" just before the Appendix. 123. Once a fire alarm communicator has a pull station connected to it, is it considered a fire alarm system? To answer this question, we would have to examine the definition of a fire alarm system. In Canada, the reference standard to use is CAN/ULC-S524-06 (Canadian Fire Alarm Installation Standard) which states: "FIRE ALARM SYSTEM - A combination of devices consisting of at least a control unit, a manual station and an audible signal device, designed to warn the building occupants of an emergency fire condition." So, on the face of it, a fire alarm communicator with a pull station connected to it cannot be considered a fire alarm system. There's another part of the referenced Standard that can also be considered helpful in answering this question: Sentence 3.1.1 states that "a fire alarm system shall consist of at least the following interconnected devices: a control unit, a manual station and an audible signal device". 124. The motion detector in my house is mounted a lot lower than my neighbours and is up-side-down. Is this normal? Chances are it's about three to four feet from the floor, right? There's only one reason I can think of that your motion detector is mounted this way. Your installer has elected to provide you with a "pet alley" (an area immediately below the level of the sensor has been created using this rather "quick fix" method so that your pets can roam freely without risking a false alarm while you're out). Is it "normal"? Not really. There are a number of premium motion detectors that are specifically designed to "ignore" pets while still providing the same level of protection as the normally mounted sensor in your neighbour's house (and you won't have to suffer with this big "hole" in your security). If however, you happen to have pets and have a system installed by a well known "voice response" provider, then you're "stuck" for the rest of your contract term. When you're no longer under contract, my advice would be to get yourself a REAL alarm system. 125. I have a DSC POWER 632 security system with an PC-5508 LED keypad. My problem is on my alarm system I have 6 active zones that run from 1 through 6 on the keypad. The zone 8 light is on and I'm sure that's why I cannot set my alarm. I have changed out the battery. If the zone 8 lamp is lit continuously (even after you push the "#" key), this tells me that you may have some wireless zones on the system that are faulted (open). A low battery will light the "trouble" lamp and pressing *2 will cause the zone 1 light to turn on. Pressing 1 again will continue to illuminate the zone 1 light (press "#" twice to exit this display and arrange to have a new battery installed as soon as you can). If however, after you press *2, the zone 8 light is illuminated, you'll have to reset your system clock. Press "#" to exit the trouble display, then *6, your master code, then "1", followed by the time (in military format). Press "#" twice to exit. The "troulbe" light will extinguish. 126. I'm an RFPT employed in Vancouver. My company wants me to tag off on extinguishers that have a Hydro-test label on the shells where the company providing this service is not (and never has been) registerd by Transport Canada as a Certified Cylinder Requalifier. What should I do? Is it legal for me to tag this extinguisher? Good question, and one that presents an interesting conundrum for a lot of your fellow service technicians. My first thought would be to say "NO" because any company that isn't Transport Canada Certified likely doesn't have the proper testing equipment to measure cylinder expansion (an important part of the actual testing criteria), while some companies are even "hydro-testing" out of the back of a van! The proper testing gear requires a significant investment and a good deal of floor space. Rather than a flat-out "NO", why not throw it (not literally) back at your boss (or service manager) for HIM to tag off on (don't forget to leave a proper replacement on site when you remove the suspect extinguisher though!)? Don't take the chance that a failure (which could happen almost anytime after you've hung your signed tag on it) is going to wind up "biting" YOU! If your employer is engaged in performing hydrostatic testing without the requisite Transport Canada designation, make darn sure YOUR SIGNATURE AND STAMP aren't anywhere near the thing. Remember, it's your stamp and your career on the line! As for the extinguisher's owner, I would insist that the company that applied the BOGUS HYDRO-TEST STICKER (and which also probably charged you for the service) have it properly tested by a Transport Canada Certified Cylinder Requalifier. NOTE: It's important for your employer to set the standard for the failure of an extinguisher which you might suspect isn't properly tested. You can determine whether-or-not a company is properly certified to perform hydrostatic testing by visiting the Transport Canada website! 127. Why must proper polarity be observed when installing signal devices for a fire alarm system? A Notification Appliance Circuit (NAC) or Indicating Circuit is rather unique. It must provide supervision of the devices in the circuit and be able to switch "on" to activate the bells, horns, and strobes that are part of it. To accomplish this, a diode is utilized in each device which will only allow current to flow in one direction. Thus, in supervisory mode, the fire alarm panel will "see" the end-of-line device as a "normal" condition on the NAC but the current required to perform this function won't activate the sounder as the diode will prevent the current from flowing through it. When the fire alarm control goes into alarm, the NAC current is reversed and the sounder or strobe-light is activated. It is common practice to label the NAC and individual notification device terminals in an alarm condition on a fire alarm control. in other words, the positive terminal of the indicating circuit will correlate with the red wire (or postive terminal) of the signalling device (to avoid confusing the guy installing it). Your voltmeter will, however, indicate the reverse when the control panel is in "normal" supervisory mode. 128. Am I liable if dust in my apartment sets of the building's fire alarm? This is an interesting question. Are tenants or owners responsible for adverse environmental conditions that could affect a fire alarm system? If so, where does the responsibility begin, and where does it end? I've witnessed many incidents where the tenants of a low or high-rise condominium will open their hallway doors to allow smoke from that turkey burning away in the oven to clear their suite. They're often heedless of the fact that this same smoke impinging on the hallway smoke detector immediately outside of their hall door might result in an activation of the building's fire alarm system. Should they be held responsible for what can only be termed a totally innocent mistake? I don't think so. In fact, I have a hard time calling such an incident a "mistake". Now, if during the course of attempting to clear the smoke from their suite's smoke ALARM (which just might be screeching away like a banshee), and they accidentally knock the centre disk of the adjacent heat detector off (or break the glass bulb in a sprinkler head), that's another matter entirely. In this instance, you should be held responsible and any resulting damage would be covered by your home-owner's liability insurance. This is why you should ensure you have adequate coverage when you purchase or rent a unit in an apartment building. Help us to encourage a higher standard of practice, while at the same time, enjoying the benefits of knowing you've taken a step up on the ladder of professional development and personal success! Individual members will receive a Fire Technicians Network shoulder patch which they can wear as a visible demonstration of their commitment to that higher standard. You'll also enjoy access to manuals and the resources you need to shift your career into high gear. Our goal is help you improve your knowledge and skill set and, ultimately, your own community's LIFE SAFETY standards. Remember: We are not a professional union, but together, we are a union of professionals! |
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Smoke Detector Cross-Listing Information |
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You'll be prompted to either "save as" or "open" a Microsoft® Excel document. Note: It is important to note that the panel manufacturer (in Canada) must list compatible smoke detectors. Using a non-compliant smoke detector with any ULC® Listed fire alarm control invalidates its certification and could place the building occupants at risk. If you have questions regarding compatibility of a particular smoke detector (not shown on the list), please contact the manufacturer. |
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Updated January 25th, 2012 |
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